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All Journal Akta Kimia Indonesia Dalton : Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia dan Ilmu Kimia FLUIDA Journal of Green Science and Technology
Kardian Rinaldi
Politeknik Negeri Bandung
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Transportation

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PENGEMBANGAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS TEACHING FACTORY PADA MODUL PRAKTIKUM SAPONIFIKASI (PEMBUATAN SABUN HERBAL) Kardian Rinaldi; Riniati Riniati; Endang Widiastuti
Dalton : Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia dan Ilmu Kimia Vol 7, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Kalimantan MAB Banjarmasin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31602/dl.v7i1.14113

Abstract

Modul saponifikasi (pembuatan sabun) adalah modul yang relevan untuk dikembangkan dalam bentuk teaching factory. Proses pembuatan sabun memuat tahapan perencanaan, persiapan alat dan bahan, produksi, karakterisasi produk, pengemasan, pelabelan, hingga pemasaran. Pada penelitian ini, implementasi pembelajaran berbasis teaching factory pada modul saponifikasi diawali dengan tahap perencanaan dan preparasi, optimasi prosedur percobaan (ekstraksi senyawa aktif, pembuatan, dan karakterisasi sabun herbal), dan implementasi metode pembelajaran. Produk sabun herbal dibuat dengan penambahan ekstrak bahan alam antibakteri, yaitu lengkuas merah, ketepeng cina, dan bunga telang. Optimasi prosedur percobaan menghasilkan modul praktikum sebagai panduan pembelajaran. Implementasi pembelajaran dilakukan terhadap 61 mahasiswa Program Studi D-III Analis Kimia Jurusan Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Bandung pada mata kuliah Praktikum Kimia Organik. Hasil kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa 98,36% mahasiswa tertarik dengan metode praktikum yang diterapkan serta dapat meningkatkan keterampilan dalam percobaan saponifikasi. Metode pembelajaran ini juga dapat diimplementasikan pada mata kuliah lain yang berkaitan.
PENGEMBANGAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS TEACHING FACTORY PADA MODUL PRAKTIKUM SAPONIFIKASI (PEMBUATAN SABUN HERBAL) Kardian Rinaldi; Riniati Riniati; Endang Widiastuti
Dalton : Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia dan Ilmu Kimia Vol 7, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Kalimantan MAB Banjarmasin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31602/dl.v7i1.14113

Abstract

Modul saponifikasi (pembuatan sabun) adalah modul yang relevan untuk dikembangkan dalam bentuk teaching factory. Proses pembuatan sabun memuat tahapan perencanaan, persiapan alat dan bahan, produksi, karakterisasi produk, pengemasan, pelabelan, hingga pemasaran. Pada penelitian ini, implementasi pembelajaran berbasis teaching factory pada modul saponifikasi diawali dengan tahap perencanaan dan preparasi, optimasi prosedur percobaan (ekstraksi senyawa aktif, pembuatan, dan karakterisasi sabun herbal), dan implementasi metode pembelajaran. Produk sabun herbal dibuat dengan penambahan ekstrak bahan alam antibakteri, yaitu lengkuas merah, ketepeng cina, dan bunga telang. Optimasi prosedur percobaan menghasilkan modul praktikum sebagai panduan pembelajaran. Implementasi pembelajaran dilakukan terhadap 61 mahasiswa Program Studi D-III Analis Kimia Jurusan Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Bandung pada mata kuliah Praktikum Kimia Organik. Hasil kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa 98,36% mahasiswa tertarik dengan metode praktikum yang diterapkan serta dapat meningkatkan keterampilan dalam percobaan saponifikasi. Metode pembelajaran ini juga dapat diimplementasikan pada mata kuliah lain yang berkaitan.
Physicochemical Changes in Gluten Following Oxalic Acid–Induced Deamidation: FTIR, HPLC, and Solubility Analysis Kardian Rinaldi; Nancy Siti Djenar; Gina Almalia Rahma; Vallen Zulaikha Setiansyah Trisna
Akta Kimia Indonesia Vol 11 No 1 (2026): Juni 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25493736.v11i1.9667

Abstract

Gluten, a wheat-derived plant protein used in bread-making, animal protein replacement, and biodegradable packaging, suffers from water insolubility and allergenicity. Deamidation using oxalic acid addresses these limitations. Gluten was deamidated with 0.034, 0.082, and 0.133 M oxalic acid at 80°C for 30 minutes, followed by neutralization, dialysis, and freeze-drying. Physicochemical properties were evaluated using fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and solubility tests. FTIR analysis showed the primary structure remained intact (amide I at 1580–1659 cm⁻¹; amide II at 1500–1600 cm⁻¹; amide III at 1200–1400 cm⁻¹). Secondary structure analysis revealed concentration-dependent changes in peak intensity: 0.034 M increased β-turn intensity (1665–1689 cm⁻¹), while 0.082 M and 0.133 M decreased α-helix (1580–1659 cm⁻¹) and β-sheet (1612–1643 cm⁻¹) intensities, indicating successful deamidation. HPLC analysis confirmed asparagine conversion to aspartic acid (from 8,406.54 to 464,537.33 mg/kg) and increased essential amino acids (valine, methionine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine). Glutamic acid and cystine were undetected, consistent with FTIR-observed β-sheet reduction due to disulfide bond cleavage. Solubility improved markedly at 0.082 M and 0.133 M, correlating with reduced ordered secondary structures and increased polar amino acids. Oxalic acid-mediated deamidation enhances gluten solubility and nutritional profile while preserving structural integrity, with FTIR and HPLC providing complementary evidence of deamidation success. Deamidated gluten shows promise as a functional ingredient for food applications requiring improved solubility and nutrition.
EM4 Effect on Macronutrients and Microbial Growth in Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Cibogo Market Waste Dewi Widyabudiningsih; Kardian Rinaldi; Fachrel Muhammad Firdaus; Rafli Rizki Fauzi; Mentik Hulupi
Fluida Vol. 18 No. 1 (2025): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v18i1.6050

Abstract

Waste represents a major environmental concern due to its contribution to pollution. According to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, organic waste comprised 51.63% of total waste in Indonesia. This highlights the potential for converting organic waste into liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) through anaerobic fermentation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between macronutrient content and microbial growth in LOF and to determine the optimum fermentation time for producing LOF. LOF was made using organic waste from Cibogo market, including green vegetable waste and fruit peels banana, mango, and pineapple). The research was conducted using reactor which contained 5 kg of green vegetable waste and 5 kg of fruit peels, supplemented with EM4 bioactivator (200, 250, and 300 mL), water, and brown sugar. Samples were analyzed on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Chemical parameters measured included nitrogen, phosphorus, C-organic, and potassium content, and microbial analysis was conducted to determine the role of microorganisms in the fermentation process. Results showed that the optimal fermentation time for LOF production was seven days, corresponding to the peak concentrations of NPK and C-organic. However, further optimization of EM4 volume and the ratio between waste and bioactivator is required, since the nutrient levels remain below the recommended standard. Moreover, the correlation between microbial population and nutrient availability requires further research, particularly with respect to the quantity of EM4 applied.
Enhancement Of Salt Quality with Recrystallization Method from Crude Salt Raw Material on a Laboratory Scale Joko Suryadi; Saifa Haikal Witcaksono; Putri Widad Salsabila; Eko Andrijanto; Yohana Fransiska Ferawati; Retno Dwi Jayanti; Kardian Rinaldi; Haryadi Haryadi
Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol 9 No 3 (2025): Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 December 2025 Special Editio
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33603/jgst.v9i3.10609

Abstract

Indonesia has significant maritime potential, particularly in salt production. However, national salt production has not yet met domestic demand, especially for industrial-grade salt, which requires a minimum NaCl content of 97%. Crude salt produced using traditional methods often contains only 88-94% NaCl and includes impurities such as Ca, Mg, and sulfate. This research aims to produce recrystallized salt that meets industrial standards and to determine the optimal conditions in a laboratory-scale simulator. The experimental method was conducted by simulating evaporation on a recrystallization table. Salt solutions were prepared from crude salt with varied concentrations of 22%, 25%, and 30%. The observed parameters included solution density, evaporation rate, and the content of NaCl, total hardness, and sulfate in the salt product. The results showed that recrystallization significantly increased the NaCl content and reduced impurities. Optimal conditions were achieved with a 22% salt solution, where crystal formation produced recrystallized salt with an NaCl content of 99.33%, total hardness of 0.47%, and sulfate content of 8.56 ppm. This quality has the potential to meet industrial salt standards. This study can serve as a reference for industrial salt production on a larger scale.
Co-Authors Andrijanto, Eko Fachrel Muhammad Firdaus Gina Almalia Rahma Haryadi Haryadi Jayanti, Retno Dwi Mentik Hulupi Nancy Siti Djenar Putri Widad Salsabila Rafli Rizki Fauzi Riniati Saifa Haikal Witcaksono Suryadi, Joko Vallen Zulaikha Setiansyah Trisna Widiastuti, Endang Widyabudiningsih, Dewi Yohana Fransiska Ferawati