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All Journal International Journal Multidisciplinary Science Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sastra Inggris
Afzylianur Harahap
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
Humanities Education Social Sciences

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Analyzing Grammatical Error Patterns in English Foreign Language Students Dela Wahyuni; Afzylianur Harahap; Dea Saharani; Rosa Anjani; Siti Ismahani
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sastra Inggris Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): Desember:Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sastra Inggris
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/jupensi.v4i3.3374

Abstract

 study explores grammatical errors found in descriptive essays written by five English major students at a university in Medan using a qualitative approach. The students produced texts freely, and their writing was analyzed to identify recurring error patterns and the factors that triggered them. Results show that the most common errors relate to verb agreement, tense use, sentence structure, and linking words, mostly influenced by Indonesian language interference and limited exposure to English writing. These mistakes also reflect low self-monitoring habits during the writing process. Rather than indicating failure, errors demonstrate developmental progress and the learners’ attempt to construct meaning in a second language. The study suggests contextual grammar teaching supported by writing practice, authentic input, and constructive feedback. With consistent guidance, students are expected to gradually build grammatical accuracy in academic writing.
The Role of Working Memory in Shaping EFL Learners’ Sentence Complexity Afzylianur Harahap; Alya Fadhillah Daimunthe; Putri Zahriah; Yani Lubis
International Journal Multidisciplinary Science Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): February: International Journal Multidisciplinary Science
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Muda Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56127/ijml.v5i1.2505

Abstract

Sentence complexity is widely regarded as an indicator of second language proficiency, yet many EFL learners struggle to produce structurally complex sentences despite having adequate grammatical knowledge. This study investigates the role of working memory in shaping EFL learners’ sentence complexity from a psycholinguistic perspective. Rather than treating sentence complexity as a purely linguistic outcome, the study examines it as a product of cognitive capacity during language production. Using a qualitative design, the study involved ten undergraduate EFL learners who completed sentence production tasks followed by stimulated recall interviews. The production data were analyzed to identify patterns of sentence complexity, while the interview data were used to explore learners’ cognitive experiences during sentence construction. The findings reveal that working memory strongly constrains learners’ ability to produce complex sentences. When cognitive load increased, learners consistently simplified sentence structure by reducing clause embedding and sentence length. Learners reported difficulty maintaining multiple linguistic elements simultaneously, particularly when lexical retrieval and grammatical organization competed for limited working memory resources. As a result, learners often prioritized meaning clarity and sentence completion over structural complexity. The study also shows that learners were aware of their working memory limitations and consciously adjusted sentence structure to manage cognitive demands. These findings support resource-limited models of language production and highlight working memory as a key factor influencing syntactic performance in EFL contexts. Pedagogically, the study suggests that expectations of sentence complexity should consider cognitive constraints and task conditions. Recognizing the role of working memory can lead to more realistic instruction, better task design, and fairer assessment of learner proficiency.
Co-Authors Alya Fadhillah Daimunthe Dea Saharani Dela Wahyuni Putri Zahriah Rosa Anjani Siti Ismahani Yani Lubis