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All Journal Makara Journal of Science Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Widjaya, Robert Ronal
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

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Characterization of Cr/Bentonite and HZSM-5 Zeolite as Catalysts for Ethanol Conversion to Biogasoline Widjaya, Robert Ronal; Soegijono, Bambang; Rinaldi, Nino
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 16, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The characterization on Cr/Bentonit and Zeolit HZSM-5 catalysts for ethanol catalytic process to biogasoline (equal to gasoline) has been done in this study. Cr/Bentonit has high acidity and resistant to a lot of moisture, in addition to being able to processing feed which a lot of moisture (>15%) from ethanol-water mixture, it is also not easy to deactivated. Cr/Bentonit which is then used as the catalyst material on the process of ethanol conversion to be biogasoline and the result was compared with catalyst HZSM-5 zeolite. Several characterization methods: X-ray diffraction, Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), and catalyst activity tests using catalytic Muffler instrument and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for product analysis were performed on both catalysts. From acidity measurement, it is known that acidity level of Cr/Bentonit is the highest and also from XRD result, it is known there is shift for 2theta in Cr/Bentonit, which indicates that Cr-pillar in the Bentonite can have interaction. It is also supported by BET data that shows the addition of specific surface are in Cr/Bentonite compared with natural Bentonite before pillarization. Futhermore catalyst activity test produced the results, analyzed by GC-MS, identified as butanol and also possibly formed hexanol, decane, dodecane, undecane, which are all included in gasoline range (C4 until C12).
Catalytic Performance of Cu-Ni supported on Rice Husk Ash-derived SiO2 for the Hydrogenation of Ethylene Carbonate to Ethylene Glycol Maharani, Najiah Sephia; Rahmawati, Novia Dwi; Aziz, Isalmi; Maryati, Yati; Agustian, Egi; Widjaya, Robert Ronal; Yati, Indri; Prasetyo, Joni; Rinaldi, Nino; Dwiatmoko, Adid Adep
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20336

Abstract

Ethylene glycol, a crucial compound extensively utilized in solvents, coolants, antifreeze, polyester fiber production, and as a natural gas-drying agent, can be synthesized via the hydrogenation of ethylene carbonate. In this study, the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic performance of Cu-Ni/SiO2 catalysts for this reaction, utilizing silica (SiO2) derived from rice husk ash, were investigated. Silica was impregnated with copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) by varying the weight ratio (Cu:Ni = 10, 7:3, 3:7, 10) to prepare bimetallic catalysts. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of both Cu and Ni phases in all the catalysts. The 3Cu7Ni/SiO2 catalyst displayed the lowest reduction temperature and the largest surface area (257.97 m²/g). The 7Cu3Ni/SiO2 catalyst exhibited the highest acidity (1.91 mmol/g) and superior metal dispersion, as confirmed by the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-Ray (FE-SEM-EDX) analysis. Catalytic activity was evaluated in a batch reactor under 40 bar H2 pressure at 150 °C for 3 h with a catalyst-to-ethylene carbonate ratio of 5:1. Among the catalysts examined, the 7Cu-3Ni/SiO2 composition demonstrated the highest catalytic performance, achieving 15.14% conversion of ethylene carbonate and 80.51% selectivity towards ethylene glycol. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Influence of Nickel and Aluminum in Bentonite for Ethanol-to-Gasoline Reaction Widjaya, Robert Ronal; Siregar, Yusraini D. I.; Nabillah, Syifa H.; Rinaldi, Nino; Simanungkalit, Sabar P.; Prasetyo, Joni; Dwiatmoko, Adid
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: Just Accepted Manuscript and Article In Press 2025
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ihis.v%vi%i.20502

Abstract

Bentonite can be used as a catalyst due to its flexible structure. However, it has several drawbacks, including low thermal and hydrothermal stability, as well as a small surface area and pore volume. This study aims to modify the structure of bentonite using the pillared clay (PILC) method, in order to improve its physicochemical properties and catalytic activity. The bentonite was pillared with aluminium (Al/PILC), nickel (Ni/PILC), and a combination of both metals (Al-Ni/PILC). Catalyst characterization was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Surface Area Analyzer (SAA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Temperature Programmed Desorption of Ammonia (TPD-NH₃), Thermogravimetric Analysis-Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA-DSC), and Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID). XRD analysis showed an increase in the interlayer spacing, the largest basal spacing is observed in Al/PILC. XRF results indicated an increase in the composition of Al₂O₃ and NiO in all four catalysts. SAA analysis demonstrated an increase in surface area and pore volume across the catalysts, the highest surface area is exhibited by Al/PILC (187.83 m2/g), while the largest pore diameter is observed in Al-Ni/PILC (12.83 nm). The acidity analysis using TPD-NH₃ shows that Al/PILC possesses the highest acidity value of 2.34 mmol/g. The presence of Brønsted acid sites was confirmed through FTIR analysis. TGA-DSC analysis indicated an improvement in the thermal stability of all tested catalysts. The Al/PILC catalyst showed the best performance at 150 °C. When the reaction temperature was increased to 250 °C, the Al-Ni/PILC catalyst demonstrated the highest efficiency in the ethanol-to-gasoline conversion process.
Co-Authors Bambang Soegijono Dwiatmoko, Adid Dwiatmoko, Adid Adep Egi Agustian Isalmi Aziz Joni Prasetyo, Joni Maharani, Najiah Sephia Nabillah, Syifa H. Nino Rinaldi Novia Dwi Rahmawati Simanungkalit, Sabar P. Siregar, Yusraini D. I. Yati Maryati yati, indri