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All Journal Journal of English Education Forum (JEEF) Edu Spectrum: Journal of Multidimensional Education
Sudirman Wilian
University of Mataram
Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Other

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An Analysis of the Types and Functions of EFL Teacher’s Classroom Language as Used at 7th-Grade Junior High School 13 of Mataram Windilia Eo Manurak; Sudirman Wilian; Amrullah; Lalu Nurtaat
Journal of English Education Forum (JEEF) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): JAN-MAR
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jeef.v6i1.1002

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the types, functions, and language distribution of classroom language used by Grade VII English teachers at SMPN 13 Mataram. Employing a qualitative case study design, data were collected through non-participant observations, audio-video recordings, and semi-structured interviews with two teachers. The analysis followed Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. Findings reveal that teachers employed two major types of classroom language based on Hughes’ framework: instructional talk (49.8%) and managerial talk (50.2%). Instructional talk encompassed explaining, questioning, eliciting, checking understanding, giving feedback, and directing students, while managerial talk included opening routines, giving instructions and directions, praise, attendance checking, attention getters, and other regulatory expressions. In terms of function, classroom language predominantly served pedagogical purposes (78%), particularly instructional-managerial and language modelling functions, with social functions accounting for 22%. Regarding language choice, Indonesian was most dominant (43%), followed by English (34%) and mixed code-switching (21%), especially during core instructional activities to ensure comprehensible input. English was mainly used for routines, simple instructions, and modeling. The findings indicate that teachers strategically balance first language support and target language exposure to facilitate comprehension and participation. Future research should examine the longitudinal impact of classroom language patterns on students’ speaking proficiency and communicative competence.
The Contribution of Principal’s Managerial Competence and Teacher Performance to the Quality of Vocational Education in Mataram City Teguh Viras Mannic; Sudirman Wilian; Abdul Kadir Jaelani; Heri Hadi Saputra; Muhammad Makki
Edu Spectrum: Journal of Multidimensional Education Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Edu Spectrum: Journal of Multidimensional Education
Publisher : Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional Mabadi Iqtishad Al Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70063/eduspectrum.v3i1.137

Abstract

This study goals to determine the extent to which the managerial competence of school principals and teacher performance influence the quality of education at State Vocational High Schools (SMKN) in Mataram City. This study applies a mixed methods approach with an explanatory sequential design involving 562 teachers from seven vocational high schools in Mataram City, with 85 teachers selected through purposive sampling. Data were acquired through questionnaires, observations, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that principal managerial competence has a significant but small contribution on education quality, as shown by a significance value of 0.037 (< 0.05) and an effect size of 0.052. In contrast, teacher performance demonstrates a significant and moderate contribution, with a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05) and an effect size of 0.266. Moreover, both variables simultaneously show a strong and significant contribution to education quality, supported by an F-test significance of 0.000 (< 0.05) and a combined effect size of 0.417, indicating a moderate contribution
Co-Authors Abdul Kadir Jaelani Amrullah Heri Hadi Saputra Lalu Nurtaat, Lalu Muhammad Makki Teguh Viras Mannic Windilia Eo Manurak