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Review Article Using Fish Bones For Glue (Adhesive) Amanda, Trisna Rosa; Junianto
JURNAL PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN TROPIS Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024): EDISI JANUARI-APRIL 2024
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jpkt.v13i1.52197

Abstract

Apart from being a food/consumer ingredient, fish is also an industrial raw material. In the development of the fishery product processing industry, waste by-products will inevitably be left behind. Waste that is not treated immediately will cause environmental pollution, besides that it will become a source of microbial growth which can harm the body's health. One of the fishery wastes can be fish bones. Efforts to utilize fish bones are processed into fish adhesive/glue. The purpose of this review article is to provide information on the procedure for making glue from fish bones and the characteristics of the glue/adhesive it produces. The method used is by reviewing various national and international journals from 2005 to 2023 regarding the use of fish bone waste as a material for making glue (adhesive). Based on the results of the review, it can be concluded that the procedure for making glue from fish bones consists of the stages of cutting and washing the bones, the extraction process with the acetic acid solution at a temperature of 60 -70oC for 4 - 5 hours, the cooling and filtering process and finally the concentration of the extracted solution. The characteristics of glue from different types of fish bone raw materials did not show significant differences in terms of adhesive strength, wood surface damage, viscosity, poise, and water content. Keywords: adhesive strength, viscosity, water content, extraction, acetic acidAbstrak Abstrak Selain menjadi bahan pangan/konsumsi, ikan juga sebagai bahan baku industri. Dalam perkembangan industri pengolahan hasil perikanan pasti akan menyisakan hasil samping limbah. Limbah yang tidak segera ditangani akan menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan, selain itu akan menjadi sumber pertumbuhan mikroba yang dapat mengganggu kesehatan tubuh. Salah satu limbah perikanan dapat berupa tulang ikan. Upaya dari pemanfaatan tulang ikan adalah diolah menjadi perekat/lem ikan (fish glue).  Tujuan artikel review ini adalah untuk menginformasikan prosedur pembuatan lem dari tulang ikan dan karakteristik lem/perekat yang dihasilkannya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan menelaah dari berbagai jurnal nasional dan internasional dari tahun 2005 sampai 2023 mengenai pemanfaatan limbah tulang ikan sebagai bahan pembuatan lem (perekat).  Berdasarkan hasil review dapat disimpulkan bahwa prosedur pembuatan lem dari tulang ikan terdiri dari tahapan pemotongan dan pencucian tulang, proses ekstraksi dengan larutan asam asetat pada suhu 60 -70oC selama 4 - 5 jam, proses pendingin dan penyaringan dan terakhir pemekatan larutan hasil ekstraksi.  Karakteristik lem dari bahan baku tulang ikan jenis yang berbeda tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dilihat dari keteguhan rekat, kerusakan permukaan kayu, viskositas, poise, dan kadar air. Kata Kunci: keteguhan rekat, viskositas, kadar air, ekstraksi, asam asetat
The Phytase and Microbial Potential in Fish Feed: A Review Haetami, Kiki; Amanda, Trisna Rosa; Abun, Abun
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i1.8241

Abstract

Phytic acid is a form of phosphorus storage that can interfere with the absorption of starch and protein as an energy source from cereal grain flour. This review aims to explore the benefits of microbial fermentation processing in producing phytase enzymes to degrade phytic acid and improve the nutritional quality of grain-based fish feed. Through a comprehensive literature study approach, reviewing the mechanism of phytase production, characteristics of potential microbes, and fermentation process optimization strategies that can affect the effectiveness of enzymes in reducing phytic acid content. The results of the study showed that the microbes Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, and Lactobacillus plantarum have the potential to produce phytase. Optimization of environmental conditions in fermentation and phytase application is influenced by media composition, environmental parameters, microbial strains and fish species, becoming the key to the success of effective enzyme application. Optimal fermentation conditions range from pH 4.5-6.5 and temperature 45-55℃. Addition of phytase with a dose of 0.75-2 g/kg feed can increase growth. Phytase can increase digestibility and is effectively needed (range 500-1500 mg/kg) in farmed fish.