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All Journal El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika Sosial
Samad, Fauzan
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Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Tujuan Hukum Islam untuk Kemaslahatan Manusia: Penerapan Kaidah Fiqhiyah dalam Bidang Ekonomi dan Hukum Keluarga Nurdin, Abidin; Usman, Bustami; Samad, Fauzan; Mukhtar, Makmunzir
El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Vol 5, No 1 (2022): El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ujhk.v5i1.14665

Abstract

Kajian ini membahas tentang tujuan hukum Islam adalah untuk kemaslahatan manusia khususnya penerapan kaidah fiqhiyah dalam bidang ekonomi dan hukum keluarga. Metodologi Hukum Islam atau ushul fiqh dikenal qawaid fiqhiyah sebagai alat untuk untuk mempermudah proses istinbath dan metode ijtihad dalam menentukan suatu hukum. Kajian ini merupakan studi hukum Islam secara teoritis atau normatif, dengan menggunakan teori hukum Islam. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tujuan hukum Islam yang paling utama adalah untuk kemaslahatan manusia di dunia dan akhirat yang dikenal dengan istilah maqashid al-syariah. Kemudian kaidah fiqhiyah dalam bidang ekonomi (mudharabah dan musyarakah) digunakan misalnya; “Pada dasarnya semua muamalah boleh dilakukan, terkecuali ada dalil yang mengharamkannya.” Kaidah ini bermakna kebolehan dalam muamalah itu selama belum ada dalil yang jelas melarang dan mengharamkannya, itulah prinsip dasar dalam menentukan hukum-hukum yang berkenaan dengan muamalah. Qawaid fiqhiyah dalam hubungannya dengan hukum keluarga Islam dikenal ada kaidah al-adat al-muhakkamah (adat dapat dijadikan sebagai hukum) diimplementasikan dalam hal pembagian harta bersama. Demikian juga kaidah fiqhiyah yang digunakan dalam putusan hakim Pengadilan Agama pada kasus perceraian antara suami dan isteri yang tidak mungkin lagi mempertahankan perkawinannya. Hal ini berpegang pada kaidah fiqhiyah:  ”Apabila ada dua hal yang sama-sama mengandung mudlarat, maka harus dipilih satu diantaranya yang lebih kecil mudlaratnya.” Kaidah-kaidah ini menunjukkan keluasan dan keluwesan hukum Islam yang akan mewujudkan kemaslahatan manusia sebagai tujuan utama hukum Islam
STRATEGY OF COMMUNITY ECONOMY EMPOWERMENT THROUGH THE MANAGEMENT OF WAQF ASSETS AT THE BAITUSSALIHIN MOSQUE IN ULEE KARENG, BANDA ACEH CITY Samad, Fauzan; Khotimah, Umi Khusnul; Khan, M. Dawud Arif; Mukhtar, Makmunzir
Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika Sosial Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): Maret
Publisher : Program Studi Sosiologi Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/jsds.v10i1.15440

Abstract

This study aims to explore the strategies for empowering the community's economy through the management of waqf assets at Baitussalihin Mosque in Ulee Kareng, Banda Aceh City. The problem formulation encompasses the challenges and opportunities in empowering the community's economy through waqf, focusing on the role of Baitussalihin Mosque as a center of activities and a symbol of philanthropy in its community. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with a case study approach, including interviews, document studies, and participant observation. The main findings highlight important strategies that can be applied, including increasing community participation through extensive socialization, enhancing the competence of waqf managers, collaboration with third parties, improving administrative systems with clear regulations, and utilizing modern technology in waqf management. It is hoped that the holistic implementation of these strategies can significantly contribute to empowering the community's economy through waqf resources, with the potential to enhance the welfare of the community as a whole.
The Development of Sharia Courts in Aceh, Indonesia: A Social and Historical Perspective on Islamic Law Nurdin, Abidin; Ridhwan, Ridhwan; Zulkarnaen, Teuku; Halimang, St; Samad, Fauzan
El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): EL-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ujhk.v9i1.34009

Abstract

If the Sharia Court in Aceh is examined from a historical perspective, its institutional roots can be traced to the office of the qadhi (Islamic judge) during the era of the Islamic sultanates. This historical fact influenced the colonial period, independence, the New Order, and the Reformation era. This study aims to examine the development of the Sharia Court from the kingdom era to the Reformation era using an Islamic legal social history approach. This study employs empirical legal methods, analyzed using Islamic legal social history theory. Data were collected through document studies and interviews. The documents analyzed included laws, regulations, books, journal articles, and court decisions. The informants interviewed included academics, judges, and non-Muslim members of the public. The study finds that the development of the Sharia Court in Aceh has experienced significant fluctuations from the sultanate period to the reform era. During the sultanate era, Islamic judicial institutions flourished, with courts led by qadhi who functioned as both legal authorities and moral arbiters within society. In the colonial period, particularly under Dutch and Japanese rule, Islamic courts were progressively marginalized, resulting in legal pluralism marked by tensions among Islamic law, customary law (adat), and Western legal systems. In the post-independence period, religious courts gradually gained formal recognition within the national legal system, including the incorporation of women as judges, reflecting increasing institutionalization and gender inclusivity. During the reform era, the Sharia Court underwent a process of revitalization, particularly following the implementation of special autonomy in Aceh and the formal introduction of the Islamic law within the regional legal system.
Co-Authors Abidin Nurdin Bustami Usman, Bustami Khan, M. Dawud Arif Khotimah, Umi Khusnul Mukhtar, Makmunzir Ridhwan Ridhwan, Ridhwan St Halimang Teuku Zulkarnaen