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Molecular and Host Lifestyle Factors Associated with Persistent Human Papillomavirus Infection and Progression into Cervical Cancer: A Literature Review Yo, Edward Christopher; Nuryanto, Kartiwa Hadi
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i2.1068

Abstract

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide, especially among low- and middle-income countries. The virus can establish persistent infection in the cervical epithelium, thereby increasing the risk of progression into cervical cancer. Since cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death among women worldwide, it is important to understand more about persistent HPV infection and potential therapeutic targets to suppress it. This study aims to summarize current insight into various molecular and host lifestyle factors that contribute to persistent HPV infection and ultimately cervical cancer. Methods: This study adopts a literature review design by conducting a journal search through Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The keywords used included “human papillomavirus”, “persistent infection”, “cervical cancer”, “immune evasion”, and “lifestyle”. Results: Several diverse mechanisms are believed to facilitate persistent HPV infection, which can be classified under molecular and host lifestyle factors. Molecular factors include compartmentalization of HPV replication and gene expression as well as immune evasion, whereas host lifestyle factors include alcohol consumption, smoking, multiple sexual partners, STI coinfection, and certain contraceptive agents. Conclusion: Persistent HPV infection acts as the intermediate phenotype before developing into cervical cancer. Understanding the molecular factors as well as host lifestyle factors underlying it can lead to more specific therapeutic options as well as better prevention and education programs. Future research is needed to better clarify the exact mechanisms underlying persistent infection. 
Secondary Prevention of Esophageal Variceal Bleeding Using Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Compared to Endoscopic Band Ligation plus Beta-Blocker Yo, Edward Christopher; Nursyirwan, Saskia Aziza
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy Vol 24, No 3 (2023): VOLUME 24, NUMBER 3, December, 2023
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24871/2432023275

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) against combination therapy in the secondary prevention of esophageal variceal bleeding.Method: Literature search was conducted using 4 databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid MEDLINE, and Ovid Embase) and individual hand searching. The selected studies were then critically appraised for their validity, importance, and applicability.Results: A total of 136 results were retrieved, and 2 systematic reviews and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected. Both studies showed that TIPS significantly decreased incidence of esophageal variceal rebleeding but had no significant effect on reducing overall mortality when compared to combination therapy. Study by Lin et al found that TIPS was significantly better than combination therapy for reducing mortality from variceal rebleeding, but study by Jing et al found no significant difference.Conclusion: TIPS is superior to combination therapy in reducing the incidence of esophageal variceal rebleeding. Nevertheless, its effectiveness in reducing mortality needs further investigation. Future research should look into its complications and cost-effectiveness in developing countries like Indonesia.
Long COVID in vaccinated women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A retrospective cohort pilot study Muharam, R; Bagastoro, Aswan; Faradina, Anindita Abigail; Yo, Edward Christopher; Irzanti, Alisha Nurdya; Sumapraja, Kanadi; Harzif, Achmad Kemal; Pratama, Gita; Maidarti, Mila; Silvana, Vita; Wiweko, Budi; Hestiantoro, Andon
Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi Vol. 33 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mog.V33I22025.89-96

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS Among women with PCOS, many still reported persistent long COVID symptoms such as hair loss and fatigue. COVID-19 vaccination does not exacerbate symptoms of PCOS, which further emphasizes the importance of completing COVID-19 doses for women with PCOS to avoid long COVID sequelae.   ABSTRACT Objective: Long COVID, or the persistence of symptoms after acute COVID-19 illness, can affect individuals with pre-existing health conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Long COVID and PCOS may share overlapping pathogenesis which potentially exacerbate one another. The aim of this study was to evaluate the symptoms of long COVID in women with PCOS who have been vaccinated and investigate whether COVID-19 vaccination or infection worsened PCOS symptoms. Materials and Methods: We carried out a retrospective cohort study on 44 women with PCOS who have been vaccinated and previously diagnosed with COVID-19. Questionnaires were distributed to find out the effect of COVID infection and vaccines in these women, as well as the symptoms of long COVID-19. Results: Of all participants, 28 women (70%) continued to report persistent long COVID symptoms, with the highest number of complaints being fatigue and hair loss. The results, using Mann-Whitney test, showed that there was no difference in PCOS symptoms before and after COVID-19 vaccination (p = 0.520) or after COVID-19 infections (p = 0.241). Although this study revealed a substantial prevalence of long COVID symptoms among women with PCOS, an encouraging finding emerged: neither the administration of COVID-19 vaccination nor prior infection with COVID-19 had a significant impact on PCOS-associated symptoms. Conclusion: This study further underscores the importance of vaccination for all individuals, including women with a history of PCOS. Furthermore, the purpose of COVID-19 vaccination is to mitigate symptom severity, thus potentially diminishing the occurrence of long-term COVID-19 symptoms in future cases.