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SINTESIS KARBON BERPORI DARI BIOMASSA BATANG JAGUNG YANG DIDOPING NITROGEN DAN KARAKTERISASINYA UNTUK APLIKASI PENANGKAP KARBON DIOKSIDA WULANDARI, IRA; GULTOM, NOTO SUSANTO; ADIPERDANA, BUDI; BAHTIAR, AYI
Jurnal Material dan Energi Indonesia Vol 14, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jme.v14i1.52883

Emisi karbon dioksida (CO2) di atmosfer yang yang meningkat seiring dengan berjalannya waktu dapat memberikan efek yang signifikan terhadap pemanasan global. Teknologi penangkap karbon merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi emisi CO2 tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini, disintesis karbon berpori sebagai material adsorben untuk aplikasi penangkap karbon dioksida dari biomassa batang jagung dengan doping atom N yang berasal dari urea (CH4N2O) dan aktivator KOH. Variasi rasio massa raw material:KOH:urea yang digunakan adalah (1:1:1), (1:1:2), dan (1:1:3). Keberhasilan doping N pada karbon diuji dengan karakterisasi EDS, FTIR dan XPS. Hasil pengukuran EDS menunjukkan adanya kandungan atom C, O yang berasal dari biomassa dan unsur N yang berasal dari doping. Spektra FTIR untuk semua variasi rasio doping, menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi C-N pada bilangan gelombang 1066-1124 cm-1, yang menunjukkan bahwa doping N telah berhasil dilakukan pada karbon. Pengukuran XPS menunjukkan adanya ikatan antara atom C dan atom N dalam bentuk Pyrrolic N, Pyrridinic N, dan Oxidized N dengan energi ikat masing-masing 400,1 eV, 398,2 eV, dan 404,6 eV. Hasil EDS, FTIR dan XPS ini menunjukkan bahwa karbon berpori dengan doping N telah berhasil disintesis. Foto SEM menunjukkan terbentuknya pori atau rongga yang tidak terstruktur akibat aktivator KOH dan doping N. Hasil analisis pengukuran BET menunjukkan bahwa rasio (1:1:2) menghasilkan luas permukaan paling tinggi, yaitu 563,494 m2/g, volume total pori sebesar 0,397 cm3/g, dan diameter rata-rata pori sebesar 2,82 nm. Dengan demikian, sampel (1:1:2) memiliki potensi yang paling besar untuk diaplikasikan sebagai material karbon berpori penangkap karbon dioksida.

First Generation Solar Cell: History And Development Of Silicon-Based Photovoltaics Gultom, Noto Susanto; Sugandi, Adinda A. Nur; P. Dewi, Aisyah; Qulsum, Kirana; Elisabet, Mona; Aprillia, Bandiyah Sri; Hidayat, Sahrul; Nilam, Putri Nuri; Simanjuntak, Mayer
JIIF (Jurnal Ilmu dan Inovasi Fisika) Vol 9, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jiif.v9i1.58203

The global transition toward new and renewable energy sources to address environmental issues and the limitations of conventional energy reserves remains a priority. Solar energy, through photovoltaic technology, emerges as a promising option for mitigating the environmental impact of traditional energy. The fact that solar energy is a sustainable resource and a viable means to reduce reliance on fossil fuels supports this. Solar cells are devices made from semiconductor materials capable of converting solar energy into electrical energy. We categorize first-generation solar cells into silicon monocrystalline, silicon polycrystalline, and III- V single junctions based on GaAs. This article reviews the characteristics of first-generation silicon-based solar panels, including efficiency, light absorption, and transmission, which dominate the global market. This review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the factors influencing the performance of silicon-based solar cells, which will contribute to the development and application of solar cell technology in the future. Keywords: solar energy, solar cell, silicon, monocrystalline, polycrystalline

Transformasi Teknologi dalam Sel Surya Film Tipis Generasi Kedua Susanto Gultom, Noto; Nuri Nilam Sari, Putri; Daniel Saragih, Albert; Shania Anjani, Alena; Dini Farhani, Arini; Anandia Putri, Shakila
Journal of Applied Mechanical Engineering and Renewable Energy Vol 5 No 1: February 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Applied Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52158/jamere.v5i1.974

Efficiency and cost are important points in the development of the renewable energy industry, especially solar cells. While the first generation of crystalline silicon-based solar cells had the biggest constraint in cost, the second generation of thin-film solar cells is trying to offer innovations with relatively lower cost but high flexibility compared to the first generation. This article explores the essential developments in the invention of second-generation thin-film solar cells, including materials, performance, and technology. Through their respective fabrication processes, ultra-thin-film solar cells based on various materials such as amorphous silicon, Cadmium Telluride/Cadmium Sulfide (CdTe/CdS), and Copper Indium Gallium Selenide/Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide (CIGS/CZTS) were discovered. With these types of thin-film cells as well, the use of solar cells is more flexible for various applications mainly due to their lighter weight. Although the efficiency of their photovoltaic effect or light-to-electricity conversion is generally lower than that of crystalline silicon solar cells, these thin-film solar cells are efficient in absorbing light in dimmer conditions.

REVIEW: Perkembangan Sel Surya Perovskite Noto Susanto Gultom; Ihsanul Mubarok; Hafsah Mutmainnah; Wina Mardhatillah; Ayi Bahtiar; Richie Estrada; Aisyah Amirah Fathinah
Jurnal Engine: Energi, Manufaktur, dan Material Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Proklamasi 45 University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30588/jeemm.v9i1.2141

Perovskite is one of the materials used for solar panels that offers high efficiency comparable to conventional silicon-based solar cells. This article aims to analyze the latest developments in perovskite solar cells from various important aspects, starting from material development, various fabrication techniques, as well as opportunities and challenges in its development. Perovskite is a type of material that has a crystal structure with the chemical formula ABX3. Perovskite fabrication can be done using various methods such as spin coating, spray coating, doctor blading, inkjet printing and others. In its development, various innovations have been made, such as the development of cells without a hole transport layer (HTL-free), the addition of ethylenediammonium cations (en), and efforts to replace lead with more environmentally friendly materials such as tin. The results of the study showed that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells has reached more than 25%. Although this development is promising, there are still major challenges in maintaining the long-term stability of the device, especially related to degradation due to humidity, heat, and prolonged lighting. The development of fabrication techniques that can mass produce perovskite solar cells with high performance and stable reliability is essential. With continued research and material innovation, perovskite solar cells have great potential in supporting sustainable clean energy transitions such as their applications in building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems, wearable electronic devices, and agrivoltaic systems.

Article Review: Organic Solar Cell Gultom, Noto Susanto; Azka, Muhamad Fauzan; Khoir, Irfansyah; Hashifa, Chisa; Nurasiah, Nurasiah; Iskandar, Johan; Nurhilal, Otong
JIIF (Jurnal Ilmu dan Inovasi Fisika) Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jiif.v9i2.65954

One of the emerging technologies that has gained attention as an alternative for meeting renewable energy demands is the Organic Solar Cell (OSC). OSC is a type of photovoltaic device that utilizes organic electronic materials. The fundamental operating principle of OSC is based on the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO), with organic compounds serving as the active materials, enabling the conversion of light energy into electricity. Research on OSC has continuously evolved over the years to achieve optimal performance. The substrate/transport layer, which serves as the foundation for the organic active layer in OSC, can be categorized into several types, including ITO-based OSC, conducting polymer-based OSC, silver nanowire-based OSC, metal-based OSC, and graphene-based OSC. Organic solar cells offer several promising prospects, such as relatively low production costs, as well as flexible and transparent design features. However, OSCs also face several challenges, including relatively low efficiency and environmental stability concerns. Addressing these challenges is crucial to unlocking the full potential of OSC technology. This article first provides a general overview of OSC advancements, followed by a summary and analysis of its working principles, performance parameters, and structural components. Finally, we explore recent breakthroughs in OSC development in detail.

Article Review: Organic Solar Cell Gultom, Noto Susanto
JIIF (Jurnal Ilmu dan Inovasi Fisika) Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jiif.v9i2.65779

One of the emerging technologies that has gained attention as an alternative for meeting renewable energy demands is the Organic Solar Cell (OSC). OSC is a type of photovoltaic device that utilizes organic electronic materials. The fundamental operating principle of OSC is based on the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO), with organic compounds serving as the active materials, enabling the conversion of light energy into electricity. Research on OSC has continuously evolved over the years to achieve optimal performance. The substrate/transport layer, which serves as the foundation for the organic active layer in OSC, can be categorized into several types, including ITO-based OSC, conducting polymer-based OSC, silver nanowire-based OSC, metal-based OSC, and graphene-based OSC. Organic solar cells offer several promising prospects, such as relatively low production costs, as well as flexible and transparent design features. However, OSCs also face several challenges, including relatively low efficiency and environmental stability concerns. Addressing these challenges is crucial to unlocking the full potential of OSC technology. This article first provides a general overview of OSC advancements, followed by a summary and analysis of its working principles, performance parameters, and structural components. Finally, we explore recent breakthroughs in OSC development in detail.

Synthesis of Paraffin-Based Phase Change Material (PCM) Composites with Expanded Graphite as a Cooling System for Solar Panels Azka, Muhamad Fauzan; Hidayat, Sahrul; Gultom, Noto Susanto; Setianto, Setianto; Nurhilal, Otong
JIIF (Jurnal Ilmu dan Inovasi Fisika) Vol 10, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jiif.v10i1.68644

The increase in the surface temperature of solar panels can reduce their efficiency. This issue can be mitigated through the implementation of cooling systems. One of the currently developed cooling methods involves the use of phase change materials (PCMs). Paraffin is the most commonly used PCM for solar panel cooling systems due to its melting point, which falls within the operating temperature range of solar panels. However, paraffin has a drawback in the form of low thermal conductivity. To overcome this limitation, paraffin is often composited with materials possessing high thermal conductivity, such as graphite. Graphite can also be expanded to alter its mechanical and thermal properties. The expansion of graphite using a solution of H₂SO₄ and K₂S₂O₈ can increase its surface area to 15.669 m²/g and 201.945 m²/g for 5% and 10% solid–liquid variation ratios, respectively. The addition of expanded graphite (EG) can also enhance the thermal conductivity of the PCM to 0.31 W/mK, 0.37 W/mK, and 0.44 W/mK with 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt% EG additions, respectively. The paraffin-based PCM cooling system can reduce the average surface temperature by 15.36% and increase the overall efficiency by 0.3%. A PCM cooling system composed of paraffin and expanded graphite (95%/5%) can lower the average surface temperature by 20.32% and increase total efficiency by 0.4%. The PCM system with a 90%/10% paraffin-EG composition can reduce the surface temperature by 32.44% and enhance total efficiency by 1.2%. Meanwhile, the 85%/15% paraffin-EG cooling system achieves a temperature reduction of 32.52% and a total efficiency improvement of 1.27% compared to the system without cooling.

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