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All Journal Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL) Indonesian Journal of International Law Constitutionale Mimbar Hukum Transnational Business Law Journal
Albar, Rafsi Azzam Hibatullah
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Nurturing Tomorrow’s Jurists: Rethinking the Indonesian Constitutional Court's Clerkship System through a Comparative Lens Albar, Rafsi Azzam Hibatullah; Siregar, Eugenia Felicia Natiur; Al Asyari, Haekal
Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies Vol 8 No 2 (2023): Contemporary Issues on Law, Development, and Justice: Indonesian Context and Beyo
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jils.v8i2.74043

Abstract

This paper dives into the clerkship system at the Indonesian Constitutional Court (MK), an independent judicial organ that holds high importance as the guardian of the constitution. While the court’s nine justices benefit from the existence of a clerk’s office, its work is still very limited to administrative matters. The paper begins by questioning whether the current system is sufficient to assist justices in their work and fulfill the larger aims of judicial clerkship. Its ultimate objective as a follow-up to the question is to identify ways to improve MK’s clerkship system. In order to assess the Indonesian clerkship system, a comparative analysis study of three other countries’ courts that similarly act as guardians of their respective constitutions – namely the Supreme Court of the United States, Constitutional Court of South Africa, and Supreme Court of India – is conducted. It is found firstly that there is indeed a need to change the clerkship system in MK as there are multiple ways in which clerks can help the court and benefit from it. Consequently, the changes that should be made run deep into the very purposes and roles of clerks, the structure of the committee or program, and the expected qualifications and selection process. By drawing inspiration from the three aforementioned courts, a contextualized adoption can be identified by taking into account Indonesia’s own circumstances.
Less Stringent Global Health Treaties: Insights from Various Regimes Albar, Rafsi Azzam Hibatullah
Lampung Journal of International Law Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/lajil.v6i1.3074

Abstract

Global health captured significant attention in the international legal community after COVID-19 struck the world. The formulation of a pandemic treaty sparked discourse on how the regime's treaties should be designed: whether they should adhere strictly to stringent measures or adopt more lenient approaches. This paper argued in favor of the latter. Initially, the research explained the objectives and characteristics of global health treaties as a primary component of global health governance. Then, it compared two sides of the debate on flexibility: the idealism of full commitment by all and the pragmatism of willingness to participate and enforce. With the facts obtained, a contextual analysis of the diplomatic dynamics at the World Health Organization (WHO) was performed to understand the constraints of treaty-making at the main international platform for public health. Lastly, the research proposed four main ideas that make up the ideal party: cognizance of pre-existing realities, allowance for differentiated commitment levels, careful linguistic choices, and the inclusion of a minimal yet effective enforcement mechanism.
INDONESIA'S LAW NO. 4 OF 2023 AND CONSUMER PROTECTION IN DIGITAL FINANCIAL SERVICES: ASEAN LITERACY FRAMEWORK’S PERSPECTIVE Albar, Rafsi Azzam Hibatullah; Karo Karo, Rizky; Nindyatami, Pawestri
Transnational Business Law Journal Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): TRANSNATIONAL BUSINESS LAW JOURNAL Volume 3, Number 1, February 2022
Publisher : Department of Transnational Business Law, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/transbuslj.v3i1.1217

Abstract

In January 2023, the Indonesian government passed Law No. 4 of 2023 on the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector (P2SK Law). Replacing more than 30 provisions, the law covers lots of topics including digital financial services (DFS) and consumer protection. A big contributing factor to this is the prevalence of the financial technology (FinTech) industry that utilises DFS. Digital financial literacy (DFL) is an important component to consumer protection in DFS since P2SK Law and other legal instruments recognize the importance of the consumer’s own awareness when using DFS. The Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AIF) and ASEAN Working Committee on Financial Inclusion (WC-FINC) issued a policy note in 2020 on DFL in the region. Expected to guide ASEAN member states in formulating their policies through a framework that includes four key actions. This research aims to inspect the direction in which the Indonesian government is heading with regard to its consumer protection in DFS after the enactment of the P2SK Law from ASEAN’s DFL-leaning standpoint. It can be concluded that Indonesia, mainly through Bank Indonesia and the Financial Services Authority (OJK) has been a big advocate of financial literacy, including DFL, as a proponent of consumer protection in recent years. Among other things, P2SK Law further affirms this by connecting stakeholders and embedding DFL at the core of Indonesia’s national strategies.
A COSMOPOLITAN CRITIQUE ON STATE REFUSAL TO EXERCISE UNIVERSAL JURISDICTION Albar, Rafsi Azzam Hibatullah; Poerawinata, Nyi Raden Calvinca Naomi
Mimbar Hukum Vol 36 No 2 (2024): Mimbar Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mh.v36i2.17950

Abstract

Abstract Despite some controversy surrounding its enforcement, universal jurisdiction is a well-known doctrine within the realm of international criminal law. While only a small number of countries have actively prosecuted grave human rights violations happening elsewhere within their domestic courts, there is still the overlooked question of whether a state could refuse the right to exercise this doctrine. In response to a recent decision by the Indonesian Constitutional Court which makes this an urgent inquiry yet addressed by existing prescriptive scholarship, we borrow the propositions of scholars of the cosmopolitan movement to argue that the answer is an unequivocal ‘no’. We invoke philosophies that shape cosmopolitanism in this regard—natural law, social contract, and global justice—to not only offer a response for the inquiry but also stress its exigency. Using the same core premises, we further disprove common counter-narratives that, if entertained, would have detrimental effects on accountability and the spirit of international law at large. Abstrak Terlepas dari beberapa kontroversi seputar penegakannya, yurisdiksi universal merupakan doktrin yang terkenal dalam ranah hukum pidana internasional. Meskipun hanya sedikit negara yang secara aktif menuntut pelanggaran HAM berat yang terjadi di negara-negara lain melalui pengadilan domestik mereka, masih ada pertanyaan yang terabaikan, yaitu apakah suatu negara dapat menolak untuk menggunakan doktrin ini. Menanggapi keputusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Indonesia yang baru-baru ini yang membuat pertanyaan ini menjadi pertanyaan yang mendesak dan belum dijawab oleh kesarjanaan preskriptif yang ada, kami meminjam ide-ide dari para cendekiawan dari gerakan kosmopolitan untuk berargumen bahwa jawabannya adalah “tidak”. Kami menggunakan filosofi yang membentuk kosmopolitanisme dalam hal ini-hukum alam, kontrak sosial, dan keadilan global-untuk tidak hanya menawarkan jawaban atas pertanyaan tersebut-tetapi juga menekankan urgensinya. Dengan menggunakan premis-premis inti yang sama, kami lebih lanjut membantah kontra-narasi umum yang, jika dituruti, akan berdampak buruk pada akuntabilitas dan semangat hukum internasional pada umumnya.
Segregation by Design: An Analysis of Apartheid-Enabling Constitutional Provisions Albar, Rafsi Azzam Hibatullah; Kusumadi, Padre Jovianthony; Alfarizi, Rivaldy
Constitutionale Vol 5 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/constitutionale.v5i1.3246

Abstract

This paper critically examines constitutional provisions that facilitate apartheid systems, focusing on how these provisions enable the establishment and perpetuation of segregation and discrimination. Despite global condemnation of apartheid, similar traits persist in various jurisdictions today, notably in Israel's treatment of Palestinians and Myanmar's oppression of the Rohingya. This research investigates the constitutions of South Africa, Israel, and Myanmar to analyze how they legitimize and sustain segregationist regimes. Using a substantive and structural comparative analytical approach, the research identifies common factors that enable apartheid practices, including identity-based citizenship conditions, discriminatory treatment provisions, restrictions on the political participation of marginalized groups, and entrenched power structures. The findings reveal that apartheid-enabling provisions do not always explicitly endorse segregation but often grant broad legislative powers that can be exploited, as seen in Apartheid South Africa. Similarly, the constitutions of Israel and Myanmar provide constitutional protection to select ethnic groups, thereby institutionalizing segregation. The research concludes that four key elements common to the studied constitutions contribute to the maintenance of apartheid systems: differentiated citizenship status, legitimized segregationist practices, limited political participation for certain groups, and entrenched power structures resistant to reform.
Safeguarding Sovereignty: Indonesia's Solution to the Raw Materials Case in WTO Zaki, Muhammad Reza Syariffudin; Armanto, Muhammad Haykal; Albar, Rafsi Azzam Hibatullah; Koos, Stefan
Indonesian Journal of International Law Vol. 20, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Indonesia’s export restriction on raw materials was based upon Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining as amended with Law No. 3 of 2020. January 1st of 2020 marks nickel to be the first mineral to be affected by the raw mineral export ban policy. This measure has sparked a controversy in the international community, as the European Union deemed that this measure is against the principles of the World Trade Organization of nonrestrictive trade policies. This phenomenon was brought to the Dispute Settlement Body of the WTO as DS592 – Indonesia Measures Relating to Raw Materials. Although the Indonesian government has lost the case against the European Union, the Indonesian government is adamant on proceeding with this measure to further develop the downstream industry of raw minerals in Indonesia. Since then, Indonesia has filed the appeal for the panel report of the DS592 case and shows no sign of stopping the nationwide export ban on raw minerals, with bauxite, copper, and tin on the horizon. Therefore, the invocation of Article XXI GATT could be used as a strategy to avoid scrutiny from the international community, by invoking a national security exception to implement measures inconsistent to the principles of the WTO. Thus, the Indonesian government is able to protect and secure their nation’s fundamental principal as a sovereign nation with control over its raw materials.
Co-Authors Al Asyari, Haekal Alfarizi, Rivaldy Armanto, Muhammad Haykal Koos, Stefan Kusumadi, Padre Jovianthony Nindyatami, Pawestri P. Karo, Rizky Pratama Poerawinata, Nyi Raden Calvinca Naomi Siregar, Eugenia Felicia Natiur Zaki, Muhammad Reza Syariffudin