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All Journal Nusantara Medical Science Journal Journal of the Indonesian Medical Association : Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia
Melda Warliani
Departemen Kedokteran Fisis Dan Rehabilitasi, Rumah Sakit Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Health Professions Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health

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Estimated VO2 max Analysis with Six-Minute Walking Test on Obese Patients in Primary Health Care in Makassar Kastiran, Andi Muhammad Akram; Amir, Muzakkir; Mappangara, Idar; Djafar, Zaenab; Warliani, Melda; Zainuddin , Andi Alfian
Nusantara Medical Science Journal Volume 8 Issue 1, January - June 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/nmsj.v8i1.28139

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity poses a severe threat to global health, making it a significant epidemiological concern that requires special attention. It is associated with several risk factors for various diseases. Alarmingly, one in three Indonesian adults is obese, with the obesity rate steadily increasing. Studies have shown that excess fat mass is linked to higher mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease, which is currently Indonesia's leading cause of death. To assess a person's functional capacity and ability for basic physical activity, the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) is utilized, as it proves to be a powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the association between VO2 max using 6MWT in obese patients of Makassar City. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. The samples comprised all obese individuals who provided signed approval letters and were registered at Makassar City's 20 Public Health Centers. Consecutive sampling was used to gather the samples. Subsequently, the samples were examined and categorized based on their level of obesity.   The 6MWT results are then used with Nury's Formula to produce an estimated VO2max result. To analyze the association between VO2 max using 6MWT and obesity, statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney test, with significant results indicated by (p < 0.05). Results: A total of 163 participants comprised the study's sample, with the majority being female and aged 50 years or older. After filling out the questionnaire, data show that most of the obese participants had a family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), experienced significant stress levels, and had average BMIs falling into the category of obesity. According to the study, the average distance covered in the 6-minute walking test was 340.18 meters (±82.6 meters). When the study participants were ranked by their estimated VO2 max, the average value was 15.10±5.52 for those with first-degree obesity. Following them were participants with second-degree obesity, with results averaging 15.03±5.39 (p = 0.021). Conclusion: A significant inverse association exists between obesity and VO2 max, which means that the more obese a person is, the lower their VO2 max tends to be.  
Mengenal Masalah Oromotor pada Bayi Prematur Warliani, Melda; Mayasari, Nilla; Soewito, Ferius
Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 70 No 12 (2020): Journal of The Indonesian Medical Association - Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia, V
Publisher : PENGURUS BESAR IKATAN DOKTER INDONESIA (PB IDI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47830/jinma-vol.70.12-2020-157

Abstract

Indonesia ranked 5th within the countries with highest premature infant rate, with numbers of premature delivery is 675.700. The number is equal with the born rate 15.5 per 100 delivery each year. In premature infants some problem can be found, including oral feeding. Oral feeding problems in infant is caused by immature organ system, such as cardiopulmonal, central nervous system, oral muscles, et cetera. Proper treatment will prevent further complications and assist infants on their optimal growth and development.
Effects of a virtual reality exergame on cardiorespiratory function in older adults Bakri, Dina Fatiyah; Warliani, Melda; Waluyo, Yose; Mubarak, Husnul; Mayasari, Nilla; Zainuddin, Andi Alfian
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.321

Abstract

Introduction: With increasing life expectancy, the elderly population is at higher risk for cardiorespiratory decline. Exercise is known to reduce this decline, but adherence to exercise programs can be low. Virtual reality (VR) exergaming offers an engaging alternative, potentially increasing motivation while providing similar benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of VR exergaming in improving cardiorespiratory function in elderly individuals. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 40 elderly participants (VR exergaming, n=24; conventional aerobic exercise, n=16). Both groups exercised three times per week for six weeks. The VR group used Ring Fit Adventure on the Nintendo Switch, while the control group performed structured aerobic exercises. Cardiorespiratory parameters—heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), blood pressure (BP), predicted maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max) from the 6-minute walking test (6MWT), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and peak cough flow rate (PCFR)—were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: Significant improvements were observed in VO₂ max, RR, BP, PEFR, and PCFR in both groups, though HR did not change significantly. Despite baseline differences in VO₂ max, overall improvements were comparable between the two groups. Conclusion: VR exergaming was as effective as conventional exercise in improving cardiorespiratory function in older adults and offers an engaging and enjoyable alternative.
Comparative effects of exergame intervention on cardiorespiratory function in obese and normal-weight adults Darmawan, Andi Miftah Khaerati; Mubarak, Husnul; Aritonang, Sylvia Evelyn; Sam, Nuralam; Warliani, Melda; Zainuddin, Andi Alfian
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v6i2.323

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Exergaming offers an accessible, interactive alternative to promote physical activity. This study aimed to assess the changes in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), heart rate recovery (HRR), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in adults with obesity and normal weight after a six-week exergame intervention. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-post study involved 29 adults (15 obese, 14 normal BMI) who participated in exergame sessions three times of 40 minutes weekly for six weeks. Inclusion criteria included adults aged 18–45 years with a BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m² (normal) or ≥25 kg/m² (obese), normal or corrected vision, and willingness to complete the intervention. Exclusion criteria included individuals with cardiovascular, neurological, or uncontrolled medical conditions, recent surgery or hospitalization, pregnancy, participation in other exercise programs within the previous four weeks, cognitive or sensory impairments, withdrawal from the study, repeated absences, or adverse events such as cybersickness. Outcomes included 6MWT distance, HRR, and VO2max. The paired T-test or Wilcoxon test was used for within-group comparisons, and the independent T-test or Mann-Whitney test for between-group analysis. Results: Significant within-group improvements were observed after the intervention. The 6MWT distance increased by 26.21 m, from 364.48 ± 46.92 m to 390.69 ± 43.17 m (p < 0.001). HRR improved by 11.14 bpm, from 24.41 ± 8.35 bpm to 35.55 ± 8.92 bpm (p = 0.003). VO2max increased by 0.79 mL/kg/min, from 14.91 ± 1.85 to 15.70 ± 1.84 mL/kg/min (p < 0.001). However, between-group differences were not statistically significant for 6MWT (p = 0.397), peak heart rate (p = 0.739), HRR (p = 0.220), and VO2max (p = 0.397), indicating similar improvements in both groups. Conclusion: Six weeks of exergaming significantly improved functional capacity and cardiorespiratory fitness comparably in both obese and normal-weight adults, suggesting it was an inclusive and practical option for community-based physical activity programs.
Co-Authors Amir, Muzakkir Andi Alfian Zainuddin Aritonang, Sylvia Evelyn Bakri, Dina Fatiyah Darmawan, Andi Miftah Khaerati Djafar, Zaenab Ferius Soewito Idar Mappangara, Idar Kastiran, Andi Muhammad Akram Mayasari, Nilla Mubarak, Husnul Sam, Nuralam Waluyo, Yose Zainuddin , Andi Alfian