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All Journal Medula MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal
Ardika, Okta Besti
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Dentistry Education Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health

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Gangguan Sekresi dan Sensitivitas Insulin pada Remaja dengan Riwayat Keluarga Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Ardika, Okta Besti; Larasati, TA; Suharmanto, Suharmanto; Kurniati, Intanri
Medula Vol 14 No 1 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i1.943

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin secretion or hyperglycemia due to the inability of pancreatic β-cells to compensate for increased glucose levels in the blood. The pathophysiology of T2DM may result from the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. A person who has a family history of T2DM will experience genetic mutations that cause impaired insulin secretion and sensitivity. The genetic inheritance of the child is based on the parent alleles of both parents including some genes that have mutations. There are three types of genetic inheritance mechanisms described by parent of origin effects (POE), namely genomic imprinting, mitochondrial inheritance, and maternal intrauterine effects. The mechanism of impaired insulin secretion and sensitivity in someone with a family history of T2DM during puberty, which is also triggered by stress and hormonal imbalance, results in insulin resistance, especially significant when entering adolescence and supported by a family history of T2DM. In children with a family history of T2DM, it was found that pancreatic β-cell compensation was 30% lower compared to children without a family history of T2DM.
Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 1 Fauziani, Andra Nabila; Adelia, Anggi; Ardika, Okta Besti; Himayani, Rani; Rahmanisa, Soraya
Medula Vol 14 No 3 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i3.946

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition with an increasing incidence worldwide. Not only does it occur in adults, but the incidence rate in children is also quite high. Type-1 DM is an autoimmune disease characterized by absolute insulin deficiency due to pancreatic gland cell damage. Although it can occur at any age, type-1 DM most commonly appears in adolescence with a peak onset around puberty. Diabetes mellitus is often caused by genetic factors and a person's lifestyle. Symptoms of Type 1 DM in children are the same as in adults: polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria and nocturia, weight loss, and about a third suffer from diabetic ketoacidosis. Complications of diabetes can be divided into microvascular and macrovascular. Microvascular complications include nervous system damage (neuropathy), renal system damage (nephropathy) and eye damage (retinopathy), but can also affect cognitive function, heart and other organs. HbA1c screening is recommended every 3 to 6 months. HbA1c levels reflect glycemic control over the previous 2-3 months. The target HbA1c is generally <7.0%. Other laboratory tests include lipid profile, serum creatinine, eGFR, and urine albumin to creatinine ratio. Management of Type 1 DM includes insulin injection, blood sugar monitoring, nutrition, physical activity, and education. The goal of insulin therapy is to ensure that insulin levels in the body are sufficient for 24 hours to meet metabolic needs due to the glycemic effect of food.
Co-Authors Adelia, Anggi Fauziani, Andra Nabila Intanri Kurniati Rani Himayani Soraya Rahmanisa Suharmanto TA Larasati