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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia
Nathan, Johan
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Earth & Planetary Sciences Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Re-Emergence of Ampicillin Sensitive Salmonella Typhi and the Increase of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Typhoid Fever Treatment in Asia: A Systematic Review Tanjaya, Felicity; Nathan, Johan; Nainggolan, Ita Margaretha; Moehario, Lucky; Thantry, Anita Devi Krishnan; Tunru, Andi Miyanza Lakipadada; Sean, Sherlyn
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v12i1.42305

Abstract

Typhoid fever is a disease caused by Salmonella Typhi infection. In 2000, 2.16 million people were affected worldwide, with more than 90% morbidity and mortality in Asia. Ampicillin is the first-line antibiotic used for typhoid management. However, the rise in resistance to first-line antibiotics has shifted ciprofloxacin as an alternative.  This study aimed to describe the trends in ciprofloxacin- and ampicillin-resistant Salmonella Typhi in Asia. This study was a systematic review that conformed to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Search was indicated toward studies on Salmonella Typhi susceptibility toward ciprofloxacin and ampicillin were identified using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest. Of the 1542 studies found, only 16 fulfilled the criteria. In 1996, Salmonella Typhi was not found to be resistant to ciprofloxacin, whereas 3.5% was resistant to ampicillin. In 2005, ciprofloxacin resistance increased to 19.3%, whereas ampicillin resistance decreased to 13.3%. In 2005-2014, a larger number of Salmonella Typhi isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin than to ampicillin. Furthermore, during 2016-2019, resistance to ciprofloxacin increased from 8.1% to 95%, while ampicillin resistance increased from 27.5% to 85.2%. This the high ampicillin resistance in South and East Asia. In Asia, there was an increase in ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella typhi from 1996 to 2019, whereas ampicillin-resistant Salmonella Typhi decreased from 1996 to 2015.  Between 2016 and 2019, contrasting evidence was found in East Asia and South Asia, where resistance toward ampicillin increased.
SENSITIVITAS DAN SPESIFISITAS TES ANTIGEN FESES DALAM MENDIAGNOSIS INFEKSI HELICOBACTER PYLORI PADA PASIEN DENGAN ULKUS PEPTIKUM DISERTAI PERDARAHAN Nathan, Johan; Prasetyo, Dimas Seto
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 11 No 2 (2025): JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol. 11.2 (2025)
Publisher : BAPIN-ISMKI (Badan Analisis Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53366/jimki.v11i2.812

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the stool antigen test in diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcers accompanied by bleeding. Method: This was an evidence-based case report. A literature search was carried out on five databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Embase). The search was carried out using the keywords: H. pylori, peptic ulcer, stool antigen test, culture, histology, and biopsy without using language filters, study design, or year of publication according to eligibility criteria. Critical review and level of evidence determination were carried out using critical appraisal tools from CEBM Oxford University. Results: A total of 215 articles were obtained from the search results. After screening abstracts, titles, and removing duplicate articles, 23 full-text articles were obtained. In the full-text review, 16 articles were excluded because the subjects did not meet the inclusion criteria and 1 article had a different outcome. In this EBCR, there was 1 SR-MA article from 6 cross-sectional studies with sensitivity results of 87% (82-91) and specificity of 70% (62-78). However, these studies have a high level of heterogeneity. Most studies on EBCR show poor specificity of the stool antigen test (52%-68%). The high number of false positive results from several studies could be due to cross-reaction of blood with H. pylori antigens. Conclusion: The stool antigen test can be considered as an additional diagnostic test in patients with peptic ulcers accompanied by bleeding if the patient has contraindications to invasive diagnostic tests.
Co-Authors Dimas Seto Prasetyo Moehario, Lucky Nainggolan, Ita Margaretha Sean, Sherlyn Tanjaya, Felicity Thantry, Anita Devi Krishnan Tunru, Andi Miyanza Lakipadada