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Assessment on the Role of the Nigerian Media in Educating the Children and Adolescent on the Value of Sex Education Joshua Kayode Okunade; Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem; Esther Ukpe; Muhammad Ridwan
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 11 No 2 (2024): Konfrontasi, June
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/konfrontasi2.v11i2.303

This study focused on the assessment of the role of the Nigerian media in educating the children and adolescent on the value of sex education, using two educational institutions in Lagos State. The research study adopted the survey method to collect data for an in-depth analysis, the researchers conducted a descriptive study with four objectives and four research questions. A total of 300 adolescents were randomly selected from among the 60865 students enrolled in Cedec International Secondary School and undergraduates of the University of Lagos State (Unilag) as part of a purposive sampling strategy for the research study. Data was gathered through the use of a questionnaire, which was then analyzed and summarized using frequency and percentage. The findings of this research show that most of the adolescents have insufficient knowledge about sex education therefore adolescents require scientific, religious and factual information to help them develop positive sexual attitudes and responsible healthy behaviors Moreover, most of the respondents agreed to the fact that sex education is effective, but most of them do not have sufficient knowledge so they require knowledge to prevent them from inventing their own mythologies and developing anti-social behaviors. Thus, the study recommends the encouragement of more sex education contents or programme in the Nigerian media through creditable sources such as national televisions and radios.

Media and Pictorial Reportage of Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem; Perpetua Ogechi Aondover; Lawal Umar Maradun; Chioma Rose Chime-Nganya; Omolara Oluwabusayo Akin-Odukoya
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 11 No 4 (2024): Konfrontasi, December
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/konfrontasi2.v11i4.320

Pictures are regarded as a universal means of communication. A good picture needs no translator as it fixes the mind more readily. It has a great advantage over the written word; it does not need to be translated. Thus, the media play an important role in information dissemination process in addition to its entertainment, education and enlightenment function. The media interpret issues and event that may have great impact on people and societies. Media are used in communicating information especially in times of crises and uncertainties thus; creating awareness about happenings around the world. The paper argues that the media and pictorial reportage of the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria plays a significant role in shaping public perception, awareness, and understanding of the crisis. Boko Haram, designated as a terrorist organization by several countries, including Nigeria and the United States, has carried out numerous attacks leading to widespread displacement, loss of lives, and destruction of property. Media outlets must balance the need for impactful reporting with ethical concerns, such as respecting the dignity of victims and avoiding sensationalism or graphic depictions that may cause further trauma. With limited access for traditional media, social media platforms have become crucial in sharing real-time updates and personal accounts from affected regions. The paper concludes that the mass media have a lot of influence in the use of pictures in reporting Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria. In media practice, professional journalists play the role of a gate-keeper by gathering, analysing and disseminating news and information about people, events and issues in society.

Child Abuse in Nigerian Polity: A Content Analysis on Two Major Newspapers Joshua Kayode Okunade; Martha A. Odutola; Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 12 No 2 (2025): Konfrontasi, June
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/konfrontasi2.v12i2.331

This study employed a content analysis on child abuse in Nigerian polity regarding two major newspapers in Nigeria, The Nation and The Guardian newspapers from January to December, 2022. Specifically, the study sought to find out the frequency of the coverage of child abuse in Nigeria newspapers, determine what category of story has the highest report in the newspapers, ascertain which newspaper shows a higher commitment to the coverage of child abuse, examine the level of prominence given to child abuse by Nigerian newspapers, and assess the direction, tone, and slant used in the reports by Nigerian newspapers. Adoption of systematic random sampling, which was used to select the sample size of the study, and purposive sampling, which was used to select two major newspapers to enable adequate knowledge of all issues in the selected newspapers for the study, were used as the sampling techniques in the process of selecting the issues for the newspapers that were analysed. The occurrences were analysed using descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics include frequency counts and percentages with the use of SPSS version 23. The study adopted the Agenda Setting Theory. The findings showed that child abuse stories were under-reported. Only 55 issues out of 146 issues that were analysed have reports on child abuse, this means only 38% of news stories for the year 2022 from January to December 2022 had reports on child abuse while 62% had none. From this study, it was discovered that newspapers do not commit to reporting stories on child abuse. The study, therefore, recommended that efforts should be made by newspaper houses to ensure all child abuse stories are reported with in-depth analysis and are positioned on the front page of every newspaper. More so, the selected newspapers should put more attention on the fight against child abuse, because so many Nigerians are waiting to be educated and informed by the press.

Media Manipulating Allegiances: The Ibrahim Babangida Regime and the Politics of Loyalty, Propaganda, and Elite Control in Nigeria Olayinka Babatunde Adebogun; Ololade Olatunji Lateef; Omotola Ogunbola; Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 12 No 2 (2025): Konfrontasi, June
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/konfrontasi2.v12i2.333

The regime of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (IBB), Nigeria’s military ruler from 1985 to 1993, was marked by a sophisticated strategy of political manipulation designed to consolidate power, maintain elite loyalty, and control public perception. This study examines how Babangida’s government deployed propaganda, patronage networks, and psychological tactics to shape political allegiances and suppress dissent. By leveraging state-controlled media, co-opting influential elites, and fostering a culture of political uncertainty, the regime engineered a system where loyalty was rewarded while opposition was systematically neutralized. Through an analysis of government policies, media narratives, and elite interactions during this period, the paper highlights how Babangida’s administration blurred the lines between governance and manipulation. The institutionalization of prebendalism, coupled with calculated misinformation campaigns, allowed the regime to maintain a façade of democracy while orchestrating one of Nigeria’s most prolonged transitions to civilian rule. Additionally, the annulment of the 1993 presidential election, widely regarded as free and fair, underscored the regime’s ultimate reliance on deception and control to maintain its grip on power. This paper contributes to the broader discourse on authoritarian governance in postcolonial Africa by illustrating how Babangida’s rule set a precedent for political maneuvering that continues to shape Nigeria’s democratic trajectory. It also underscores the enduring impact of elite manipulation on political institutions and public trust in governance.

Investigative Journalism and Risk Management Frameworks: Strategies for Protecting Journalists in High-Risk Environments of the Niger Delta Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 12 No 3 (2025): Konfrontasi, September
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/konfrontasi2.v12i3.344

Investigative journalism is a cornerstone of accountability, transparency, and democratic health, yet its practitioners often venture into perilous territories. In regions like the Niger Delta, known for its volatile mix of resource-driven conflicts, widespread environmental degradation, organised crime, corruption, and political instability, journalists face a particularly acute and complex web of threats. This paper sets out to explore the critical intersection of investigative journalism and risk management, with a keen focus on practical strategies for protecting journalists operating in such hostile environments as the Niger Delta. Specifically, it aims to: Examine the multifaceted risks of physical, digital, legal, and psychological confronting investigative journalists in high-risk zones, particularly within the Niger Delta; and identify and analyse both individual coping mechanisms and institutional support frameworks designed to mitigate these dangers in the context of the region's specific threats. Utilising philosophies from media safety studies, risk communication theories, and research on press freedom, this study offers a comprehensive framework for understanding how journalists perceive, communicate, and manage hazards. These theoretical frameworks elucidate the systemic challenges encountered by journalists and the strategic measures required to operate in contexts where the quest for truth frequently results in significant consequences, especially in the context of persistent environmental and political instability characteristic of the Niger Delta, This paper employs a comprehensive review of recent academic literature, empirical studies, and real-world case studies predominantly focused on investigative journalism in high-risk zones, with a particular emphasis on the African context, including the Niger Delta. This approach allows for the identification of recurring patterns of threats, effective mitigation strategies, and emerging best practices in journalist protection, while also considering the unique digital media ecosystem challenges faced by journalists in the region, The findings highlight that journalists in the Niger Delta and similar high-risk areas grapple with pervasive threats ranging from physical violence, arbitrary detention, and kidnapping to sophisticated digital surveillance and severe psychological stress. These threats are often exacerbated by the region’s specific challenges, including militancy, oil theft, and the activities of powerful economic and political actors. Effective protection strategies are found to be multifaceted, encompassing individual preparedness (e.g., advanced safety training, encrypted communication, meticulous source protection) and robust institutional support (e.g., strong press unions, clear organisational safety protocols, international solidarity, and legal aid).

Perceived Influence of Social Media Content Creation on Unemployment in Lagos Island Olalekan Olubamike Olufemi; Sunday Ogbonna; Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem; Olayinka Babatunde Adebogun
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 12 No 3 (2025): Konfrontasi, September
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/konfrontasi2.v12i3.336

This study x-rays the perceived influence of social media content creation on unemployment in Lagos Island. The study was anchored on the Uses and Gratifications Theory and the Teno Proactive Communication Model for Job Creation in Nigeria. Survey research method was used and 400 respondents were purposively selected in Lagos Island. Data were presented in frequency and percentage counts, however, the hypotheses were tested using One Sample T-Test where the p-value was less than 0.05 level of significance. Findings from the study revealed that 87% of the residents of Lagos Island have access to smartphone which gave them opportunity to use various social media applications like Facebook, WhatsApp, XApp, Instagram and TikTok. Also, it was discovered that social media content creation has helped some youths to be self-independent, through content creation 92%. A well edified contents on social media serve as means of income when monetized 96% and it also helps in promoting one’s talents, giving room to partake in movie production. More so, the use of various social media applications like Facebook, Instagram, TikTok among others help youths to make income through marketing of other peoples’ products or brands 95%. The study however concluded that social media content creation is an employment mechanism among the youths in Lagos Island, making more than average number of the youths to seize the opportunity in self-employment. The study recommended that Content creators should ensure they post relevant and accurate information online to avoid misleading social media users

Perceived Influence of Social Media Content Creation on Unemployment in Lagos Island Olalekan Olubamike Olufemi; Sunday Ogbonna; Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem; Olayinka Babatunde Adebogun
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 12 No 3 (2025): Konfrontasi, September
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/konfrontasi2.v12i3.340

This study x-rays the perceived influence of social media content creation on unemployment in Lagos Island. The study was anchored on the Uses and Gratifications Theory and the Teno Proactive Communication Model for Job Creation in Nigeria. Survey research method was used and 400 respondents were purposively selected in Lagos Island. Data were presented in frequency and percentage counts, however, the hypotheses were tested using One Sample T-Test where the p-value was less than 0.05 level of significance. Findings from the study revealed that 87% of the residents of Lagos Island have access to smartphone which gave them opportunity to use various social media applications like Facebook, WhatsApp, XApp, Instagram and TikTok. Also, it was discovered that social media content creation has helped some youths to be self-independent, through content creation 92%. A well edified contents on social media serve as means of income when monetized 96% and it also helps in promoting one’s talents, giving room to partake in movie production. More so, the use of various social media applications like Facebook, Instagram, TikTok among others help youths to make income through marketing of other peoples’ products or brands 95%. The study however concluded that social media content creation is an employment mechanism among the youths in Lagos Island, making more than average number of the youths to seize the opportunity in self-employment. The study recommended that Content creators should ensure they post relevant and accurate information online to avoid misleading social media users

Assessment of Development Communication in a Globalised Context Margaret Solo-Anaeto; Perpetua Ogechi Aondover; Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem; Abdullahi Aliyu Maiwada
Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences, February
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/biohs.v8i1.1414

This paper examines development communication within the context of globalisation, focusing on how global economic, technological, and cultural flows have reshaped communication strategies for social change. It interrogates the shifting paradigms of development communication from linear, top-down information dissemination models to more participatory, dialogic, and rights-based approaches that emphasise inclusion, local agency, and sustainability. Based on the qualitative review of scholarly literature, policy documents, and selected development interventions, the paper assesses the influence of globalisation on communication practices, particularly the role of digital media, transnational actors, and global development agendas. The paper argues that development communication is no doubt an important area of both academic and professional endeavour where several approaches can be harnessed to ensure development. While globalisation is a vital concept that has impacted both positively and negatively in various parts of the world, the role of communication in the globalisation process is enormous. This paper dissects the relationship between communication, globalisation, and development by analysing the roles played by each in the actualisation of the other. Globalisation was also dissected as a concept taking into cognizance its double-edged nature and divergent ideas of various scholars about the concept. The paper then related the concepts of communication, development and globalisation, especially in a practical context and further explained how development communication operates in a globalised context. It concludes that development outcomes are more sustainable when communication processes are people-centered and when global development narratives are adapted to local socio-cultural and political contexts.

Assessment of Chatbot Powered App on Doctor-Patient Communication at Chukwemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu Teaching Hospital, Awka, Anambra State Chinelo Ebele Uchendu; Vincent Precious Chioma; Omolara Oluwabusayo Akin-Odukoya; Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem
Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences, February
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/biohs.v8i1.1421

This study assessed the impact of chatbot-powered applications on doctor–patient communication at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu Teaching Hospital. The research explored the extent of app usage, its effectiveness in enhancing clarity, feedback, and timeliness, the challenges faced by doctors and patients, and the overall effect on communication quality. A sample size of 283 was determined using Taro Yamane’s formula from a total population of 958 (comprising doctors and patients), with 270 valid responses retrieved through online questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and simple percentages. Findings revealed that most respondents were aware of the chatbot app and acknowledged its contribution to improving communication. The app was reported to enhance clarity, timeliness, and the provision of accurate medical information. Respondents also noted that it made understanding medical instructions easier and fostered trust between doctors and patients. However, challenges such as technical issues, limited handling of complex queries, and concerns about privacy and data security were highlighted. Despite these, the app’s overall impact on doctor–patient communication was largely positive. The study recommends continuous improvement of the chatbot app by integrating advanced features, ensuring stronger privacy safeguards, and enhancing technical support. For doctors, training on effective use of the app is advised, while patients should be sensitized to increase adoption. Policymakers are encouraged to support the integration of artificial intelligence in healthcare to strengthen communication systems in hospitals. The study concludes that chatbot-powered apps can play a vital role in transforming healthcare communication when properly optimized.

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