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Genome-Wide Analysis of GATA Transcription Factor Family in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): Identification, Characterization, and Expression Profiles: Genome Survey of the GATA Transcription Factor in Quinoa Le, Thi Man; La, Hong Viet; Chu, Ha Duc; Pham, Chau Thuy; Ha, Quyen Thi; Le, Thi Ngoc Quynh; Tran, Thi Thanh Huyen; Tran, Van Tien; Dong, Huy Gioi; Pham, Minh Hong; Tran, Vinh Thanh; Chu, Thi Bich Ngoc; Cao, Phi Bang
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.02.02

Abstract

GATA-binding factor (GATA) proteins are the transcription factor (TF) family that are commonly involved in plant growth and development. The GATA TF family has been successfully identified and characterized for various higher plant species, but there is little research on the GATA TF family in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). In this present study, a total of 32 CqGATA genes were identified and analyzed in the quinoa genome. While the general features of the CqGATA TFs in quinoa were slightly variable, the majority of genes encoding the CqGATA TFs contained two and three exons. Our phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the CqGATA TFs could be classified into four different groups. Gene expression analysis indicated that the expression profiles of the CqGATA genes varied in different tissues. Overall, our study could provide a reference for further functional characterization of the CqGATA genes in quinoa.
Identification of Two Enzymes for Trehalose Synthesis and Their Potential Function in Growth and Development in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea): Genome Analysis of the Encoding Trehalose Synthesis Enzymes in Peanut Chu, Ha Duc; Tran, Yen Thi Hai; Pham, Chau Thuy; Le, Thi Ngoc Quynh; Tran, Thi Thanh Huyen; Nguyen, Trung Quoc; Dong, Huy Gioi; Tran, Van Tien; Cao, Phi Bang
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.10

Abstract

Plant trehalose has been regarded to play a key role in various biological processes during the growth and development stages. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) are two important enzymes for the synthesis of plant trehalose. Up till now, the TPS and TPP gene families have been identified and characterized in numerous higher plant species, but are rarely recorded in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea). In this study, a comprehensive search was performed to identify all putative TPS and TPP proteins in the peanut genome using Arabidopsis TPS and TPP proteins as queries. We then analyzed the characteristics of TPS and TPP members, including physic-chemical parameters, subcellular localization, phylogeny relationships, gene duplication, and expression patterns by various computational tools. As a result, a total of 17 ArahyTPS and 15 ArahyTPP genes were identified and annotated in the peanut genome, which was expanded by segmental duplication events. Our Neighbor-Joining based phylogenetic tree indicated that the ArahyTPS and ArahyTPP proteins could be categorized into three and two major branches. Gene structures and protein features analysis exhibited that the ArahyTPS and ArahyTPP proteins shared high structural and functional similarities. Based on previous RNA-Seq datasets, a majority of the ArahyTPS and ArahyTPP genes were found to specifically express in at least one major organ/tissue during the growth and development. This work will not only lead to a solid foundation on reveal the potential roles of ArahyTPS and ArahyTPP gene families in peanuts but also provide evidence to related trehalose research in other higher plant species.
Genome-wide investigation and characterization of heat shock transcription factors in papaya (Carica papaya): Mining of the HSF transcription factor in papaya Le, Thi Man; Azar, Sahar; Thi Thanh Tran, Huyen; Chu, Ha Duc; Vu, Quyen Thi Xuan; Tran, Lan Thi Mai; La, Hong Viet; Le, Chi Toan; Cao, Phi Bang
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024): In Press
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.03.02

Abstract

Heat shock transcription factors (Hsf-s) have been considered one of the major regulatory proteins that play important roles in various biological processes during the growth and development of plants. Unfortunately, no comprehensive studies of the Hsf family in papaya (Carica papaya), a popular tropical fruit crop, have been performed, even the papaya genome assembly has been released recently. In this study, a total of 18 members of the Hsf family, namely CpHsf-s have been identified in papaya. Based on various computational tools, a systematic characterization of the CpHsf family, such as gene structure, physic-chemical features, categorization, and protein-protein interaction, has been conducted. We found that the physic-chemical properties of the CpHsf proteins were highly variable, while all proteins were hydrophilic and localized in the nucleus. Our classification indicated that the CpHsf proteins could be categorized into three groups, including HsfA, HsfB, and HsfC, and members in the same clade share similar gene structure. According to the previous RNA-Seq datasets, our re-analysis revealed that the CpHsf genes exhibited different expressions in various major organs or tissues during fruit ripening and under the ultra-low temperature stress. Taken together, our study could provide a list of candidate genes for further functional characterization towards the improvement of stress tolerance in papaya.
Mining GATA Transcription Factor Encoding Genes in The Cocoa Tree (Theobroma cacao L.) Suggests Their Potential Roles in Embryo Development and Biotic Stress Response Chu, Ngoc Thi Bich; Le, Thi Man; Chu, Ha Duc; Tran, Huyen Thi Thanh; Tran, Lan Thi Mai; La, Hong Viet; Vu, Quyen Thi Xuan; Phung, Huynh Huy; Cao, Phi Bang
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 3 (2024): September
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.88015

Abstract

GATA transcription factors (TFs) are widely recognized as significant regulators, characterized by a DNA-binding domain that consists of a type IV zinc finger motif. This TF family has been widely investigated in numerous higher plant species. The purpose of the present work was to comprehensively analyze the GATA TF in cocoa plant (Theobroma cacao L.) by using various bioinformatics tools. As a result, a total of 24 members of the GATA TFs have been identified and annotated in the assembly of the cocoa plant. According to phylogenetic analysis, these TcGATA proteins were classified into four distinct groups, including groups I (10 members), II (seven members), III (five members), and IV (two members). Next, our investigation indicated that the TcGATA proteins in different groups exhibited a high variation in their physic-chemical features due to their different protein lengths, gene structures, and conserved motif distributions, whereas the TcGATA proteins in the same clade might share the common conserved motifs. Additionally, the gene duplication of the TcGATA genes in the cocoa plant was also investigated. Of our interest, the relative expression levels of the TcGATA genes were investigated according to available transcriptome databases. The results exhibited differential expression patterns of all TcGATA genes in various developmental stages of zygotic and somatic embryogenesis, indicating that these TcGATA genes divergently function during various developmental stages of the zygotic and somatic embryos. Moreover, TcGATA genes were differently expressed under Phytophthora megakarya treatment across different points of treatment and cocoa varieties. To sum up, our findings could provide a basis for a further deep understanding of the GATAs in the cocoa plant.  
Genome-wide investigation and characterization of heat shock transcription factors in papaya (Carica papaya): Mining of the HSF transcription factor in papaya Le, Thi Man; Azar, Sahar; Thi Thanh Tran, Huyen; Chu, Ha Duc; Vu, Quyen Thi Xuan; Tran, Lan Thi Mai; La, Hong Viet; Le, Chi Toan; Cao, Phi Bang
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.03.02

Abstract

Heat shock transcription factors (Hsf-s) have been considered one of the major regulatory proteins that play important roles in various biological processes during the growth and development of plants. Unfortunately, no comprehensive studies of the Hsf family in papaya (Carica papaya), a popular tropical fruit crop, have been performed, even the papaya genome assembly has been released recently. In this study, a total of 18 members of the Hsf family, namely CpHsf-s have been identified in papaya. Based on various computational tools, a systematic characterization of the CpHsf family, such as gene structure, physic-chemical features, categorization, and protein-protein interaction, has been conducted. We found that the physic-chemical properties of the CpHsf proteins were highly variable, while all proteins were hydrophilic and localized in the nucleus. Our classification indicated that the CpHsf proteins could be categorized into three groups, including HsfA, HsfB, and HsfC, and members in the same clade share similar gene structure. According to the previous RNA-Seq datasets, our re-analysis revealed that the CpHsf genes exhibited different expressions in various major organs or tissues during fruit ripening and under the ultra-low temperature stress. Taken together, our study could provide a list of candidate genes for further functional characterization towards the improvement of stress tolerance in papaya.
Comprehensive Characterization of Phospholipase C and D Families in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.): Identification, Phylogenetics, Gene Structure, and Transcriptomic Insights Nguyen, Quy Phuong; Tran, Huyen Thi Thanh; Nguyen, Huong Thi Thanh; Dong, Gioi Huy; Ha, Quyen Thi; Vu, Quyen Thi Xuan; Le, Chi Toan; Cao, Phi Bang; Chu, Ha Duc
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.3.768-780

Abstract

This study provides a detailed investigation of the phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase D (PLD) gene families in cocoa (Theobroma cacao), focusing on their identification, characterization, and expression patterns. A total of 10 PLC and 12 PLD genes was identified and systematically annotated based on their sequence homology, conserved domains, and functional classification, adhering to established nomenclature. Analysis of physicochemical properties revealed diversity in molecular weights, isoelectric points, and stability parameters, reflecting their structural and functional variability. Phylogenetic analysis classified the genes into distinct subfamilies and highlighted their evolutionary relationships with homologs in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa). Gene structure analysis demonstrated significant variation in exon-intron organization, indicating functional specialization and regulatory complexity within these gene families. Expression profiling during cocoa embryo development showed that certain genes, such as TcNPC2, TcPI-PLC5, and TcPLDα1, were highly expressed, while others exhibited stage-specific activity. In response to Phytophthora megakarya infection, several PLC and PLD genes displayed significant changes in expression across different time points and genotypes, including the upregulation of TcPI-PLC2, TcPLDα5, and TcPLDζ2, suggesting their roles in cocoa's stress responses and defense mechanisms. These findings offer new insights into the biological roles of PLC and PLD gene families in cocoa, particularly in growth, development, and stress adaptation, providing a solid foundation for further functional research and potential applications in cocoa improvement programs.
The Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase and Trehalose-6-Phosphate Phosphatase in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.): Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis Nguyen, Quy Phuong; Cao, Phi Bang; Chu, Ngoc Thi Bich; Tran, Lan Thi Mai; Le, Man Thi; Luong, Hang Thi; Le, Quynh Thi Ngoc; Dong, Gioi Huy; Chu, Ha Duc
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.4.940-949

Abstract

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), a vital industrial crop renowned for its economic and nutritional significance, faces increasing challenges due to climate change-induced stresses. To enhance the understanding of cocoa's adaptive mechanisms, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) gene families, which play crucial roles in plant stress responses and development. Five TcTPP and eight TcTPS genes were identified using the latest cocoa genome assembly, distributed unevenly across nine of the ten chromosomes. Detailed physicochemical characterization revealed significant variability in amino acid length, molecular weight, isoelectric point, and hydrophilicity among these proteins, suggesting functional diversity. Phylogenetic analyses, performed using the maximum likelihood method, classified the TcTPP family into three distinct clades and the TcTPS family into two main groups. Gene structure examination uncovered variations in exon-intron organization, with TcTPP genes containing nine to twelve exons and TcTPS genes ranging from three to eighteen exons, indicating structural diversity within these families. Based on publicly available datasets, expression profiling demonstrated differential expression patterns of TcTPP and TcTPS genes during embryo development and under biotic stress conditions, such as pathogen infection by Phytophthora megakarya. Certain genes exhibited significant upregulation or downregulation in response to stress, implicating them in cocoa's defense mechanisms. Taken together, this study provides valuable insights into the TPP and TPS gene families in cocoa. It lays a foundation for developing strategies to enhance stress tolerance and sustainability in cocoa cultivation amidst changing climatic conditions.
Genome-wide Analysis of CONSTANS-like (CqCOL) Transcription Factors in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): Structural Diversity, Phylogeny, and Stress-Responsive Expression Tran, Huyen Thi Thanh; Dong, Gioi Huy; Chu, Ha Duc; Cao, Phi Bang
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 5 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.5.1135-1146

Abstract

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an ancient grain renowned for its remarkable nutritional value and remarkable adaptability to diverse environmental conditions, making it a valuable crop for enhancing food security. Understanding the molecular mechanisms triggering its development and stress responses is crucial for crop improvement. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the CONSTANS-like (CqCOL) transcription factors in quinoa, which play a pivotal role in photoperiodic flowering regulation. We identified and characterized 20 CqCOL genes, analyzing their physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and promoter regions. Our findings revealed significant diversity among the CqCOL proteins and suggested potential functional specialization within the family. Promoter analysis uncovered various stress-responsive and phytohormone-responsive cis-regulatory elements, revealing that CqCOL genes may be associated with stress adaptation and hormonal signaling pathways. Transcriptomic analyses under different conditions supported these insights, highlighting the importance of CqCOL genes in quinoa's developmental processes and stress responses. Specifically, most CqCOL genes exhibited stable expression under heat stress, except CqCOL02 and CqCOL12, which were induced in roots by 1.85- and 1.91-fold, respectively. Under normal conditions, CqCOL01, CqCOL11, and CqCOL18 showed organ-specific expression, particularly in flowers and leaves, with no expression detected in roots. This study enhances our understanding of the CqCOL transcription factor family. It provides a foundation for future functional studies and breeding strategies aimed at improving stress tolerance and optimizing flowering time in quinoa.
Genome-Wide Analysis of GATA Transcription Factor Family in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): Identification, Characterization, and Expression Profiles: Genome Survey of the GATA Transcription Factor in Quinoa Le, Thi Man; La, Hong Viet; Chu, Ha Duc; Pham, Chau Thuy; Ha, Quyen Thi; Le, Thi Ngoc Quynh; Tran, Thi Thanh Huyen; Tran, Van Tien; Dong, Huy Gioi; Pham, Minh Hong; Tran, Vinh Thanh; Chu, Thi Bich Ngoc; Cao, Phi Bang
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.02.02

Abstract

GATA-binding factor (GATA) proteins are the transcription factor (TF) family that are commonly involved in plant growth and development. The GATA TF family has been successfully identified and characterized for various higher plant species, but there is little research on the GATA TF family in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). In this present study, a total of 32 CqGATA genes were identified and analyzed in the quinoa genome. While the general features of the CqGATA TFs in quinoa were slightly variable, the majority of genes encoding the CqGATA TFs contained two and three exons. Our phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the CqGATA TFs could be classified into four different groups. Gene expression analysis indicated that the expression profiles of the CqGATA genes varied in different tissues. Overall, our study could provide a reference for further functional characterization of the CqGATA genes in quinoa.
Identification of Two Enzymes for Trehalose Synthesis and Their Potential Function in Growth and Development in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea): Genome Analysis of the Encoding Trehalose Synthesis Enzymes in Peanut Chu, Ha Duc; Tran, Yen Thi Hai; Pham, Chau Thuy; Le, Thi Ngoc Quynh; Tran, Thi Thanh Huyen; Nguyen, Trung Quoc; Dong, Huy Gioi; Tran, Van Tien; Cao, Phi Bang
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.10

Abstract

Plant trehalose has been regarded to play a key role in various biological processes during the growth and development stages. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) are two important enzymes for the synthesis of plant trehalose. Up till now, the TPS and TPP gene families have been identified and characterized in numerous higher plant species, but are rarely recorded in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea). In this study, a comprehensive search was performed to identify all putative TPS and TPP proteins in the peanut genome using Arabidopsis TPS and TPP proteins as queries. We then analyzed the characteristics of TPS and TPP members, including physic-chemical parameters, subcellular localization, phylogeny relationships, gene duplication, and expression patterns by various computational tools. As a result, a total of 17 ArahyTPS and 15 ArahyTPP genes were identified and annotated in the peanut genome, which was expanded by segmental duplication events. Our Neighbor-Joining based phylogenetic tree indicated that the ArahyTPS and ArahyTPP proteins could be categorized into three and two major branches. Gene structures and protein features analysis exhibited that the ArahyTPS and ArahyTPP proteins shared high structural and functional similarities. Based on previous RNA-Seq datasets, a majority of the ArahyTPS and ArahyTPP genes were found to specifically express in at least one major organ/tissue during the growth and development. This work will not only lead to a solid foundation on reveal the potential roles of ArahyTPS and ArahyTPP gene families in peanuts but also provide evidence to related trehalose research in other higher plant species.