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All Journal Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Mafe, Alice Njolke
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Utilization of Different Preservatives (Cloves and White Pepper) for Extending of Shelf Life and Nutritional Value of Tiger Nut Milk (Kunun Aya) Yusuf, Obadiah Saveni; Abershi, Ajiduku Leyoa; Ngabea, Nasiru Audu; Bappa, Lipana Dorcas; Dauda, Usman Danlami; Chuanu, Solomon; Mafe, Alice Njolke; Titus, Stephen Dio; Sambo, Elkanah Deborah; Garba, Haladu Farida
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 2 No 3 (2024): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v2i3.3792

Abstract

Tiger nut milk (Kunun aya) is a traditional beverage and its non-alcoholic widely consumed in Northern part of Nigeria. The beverage was prepared from tiger nut with addition of spices such as cloves, and white pepper at different concentration in order to find its natural preservatives, so as to be preserve for a longer period using natural material so as to find if its shelf life and nutritional content will be maintained. The samples were stored at 4o c for 2 days and the effects of those spices on their proximate, microbial and fungal counts were evaluated. Fresh tiger nut and the spices (cloves and white pepper) were purchased form Jalingo central market in Taraba state in the Northeastern part of Nigeria. The tiger nut milk seeds were sorted and all the unwanted materials which may affects the taste and keeping quality of the drink were removed, washed and rinsed with portable water and then soaked for eight hours(8hrs) to soften the fibre and to remove off-flavor. One kilogram of fresh tiger nut was blended four times in to slurry with water. The slurry was pressed using a muslin cloth to recover extract. Two samples of spiced drink were analyzed for total moisture, ash content, crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat, and carbohydrate. Results of the proximate analysis reveal a range of 80.0-89.5% and 79.8- 87.2% and for moisture of tiger nut milk with cloves and white pepper which is higher at tiger nut with cloves. Ash content ranged from 0.3 -0.6 and 0.6-0.8%, both shows no significant difference in both sample B(1g) of tiger nut milk with cloves and white pepper. For crude fat it ranges 2.5-4.8%, and 2.3-4.1%. The crude fibre shows 2.1-3.0 and 2.2-3.2%, then crude protein 3.3-3.7% and 3.0-3.9% and carbohydrate range 1.7-3.9% and 1.9-2.6% of tiger nut milk cloves and white pepper respectively with no significant difference in sample C(2g) and control in tiger nut milk with cloves under carbohydrate content. The bacterial count of tiger nut milk with cloves and white pepper range 1.2×104 -2.7×104 and 1.6×104-3.0×104 respectively. And fungal count 1.5×107 -2.1×107 and 1.8×107 -2.1×107 with no significant difference in sample B(1g) and C(2g) with both have 1.8×107. The study revealed that cloves and white pepper can be served as a natural preservative in tiger nut milk and at the same time maintain its nutritional qualities.
Isolation and Molecular Characterisation of Chlorogonium sp. from Industrial Wastewater Abershi, Ajiduku Leyoa; Ikwebe, Joseph; Stephen, Ezeonu Chukwuma; Mafe, Alice Njolke; Abah, Moses Adondua
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 2 No 3 (2024): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v2i3.3851

Abstract

Microalgae are photosynthetic, unicellular microorganisms also known as phytoplankton. They are small plant-like entities. In this research, the sample were collected from cement factory in a sterilised 20L container wrapped with foil paper and were transported down to Federal University, Wukari where it was kept in refrigerator at biochemistry laboratory. Blue-Green media (BG-11) was prepared. Wastewater containing Microalgae obtained from cement wastewater pond were cultivated in BG-11 medium to determine the growth of the organism. BG-11 medium contained macronutrients, trace metals and some vitamins which aid the growth of the organism. The wastewater sample containing with suspected microalgae was inoculated (inoculum ratio = 25%) and incubated under atmospheric CO2 at room temperature (30±2°C) in our laboratory for two to three weeks during the incubation period. In order to purify the isolates, the upper growth layer was first decanted into a freshly produced medium and then plated on BG-11 media that had been solidified with 1% agar-agar. For several of the cultures, growth on the agar plates continued for around three weeks. Following repeated sub-culturing, the emerging greenish colonies were re-emerged into a sterile BG-11 agar medium. In isolation of organism from the industrial cement waste water, the isolate was identified by morphological and molecular identification by extracting the DNA, run the electrophoretic analysis and PCR using primers for 18S rRNA eukaryotic microalgal and then run the sequence analysis. The results of this study obtained, indicated that, the electrophoretic result show the band has 1800-2000base pair and the organism isolated from the industrial cement waste water were chlorogonium sp. with a percent similarity of 78.65% and accession number of OR886595 based on data Gene Bank blast results.
Effect of Processing on Nutritional and Antinutritional Composition of SAMPEA-11 and 20-T Cowpea Cultivars Titus, Stephen Dio; Abershi, Ajiduku Leyoa; Francis, Achilus; Mafe, Alice Njolke; Samuel, Kennedy Banja; Daniel, Ejembi Ocholi; Ojogbene, Eleojo
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 2 No 3 (2024): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v2i3.3867

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of boiling and roasting on the nutritional and antinutritional composition of SAMPEA-11 and SAMPEA 20T. Ash content increased after roasting, with SAMPEA-11 rising from 2.5% to 3.1% and SAMPEA 20T from 2.7% to 3.4%. Crude fiber content displayed varied trend; in SAMPEA 20T an increase from 5.0% to 6.2% post-roasting, while SAMPEA-11 remained relatively stable. Lipid content increased significantly in roasted SAMPEA 20T by 2.8% and boiled SAMPEA-11 by 1.5. Protein content in SAMPEA-11 decreased after boiling and roasting, dropping by 4.5% and 2.9%, respectively. SAMPEA 20T showed an increase of 1.2 after boiling. For the antinutrients, boiling significantly reduced tannin levels in SAMPEA-11 from 0.45 mg/g to 0.23 mg/g, while roasting further reduced it to 0.15 mg/g in SAMPEA 20T. Oxalate levels increased after boiling, from 0.18 mg/g to 0.31 mg/g in SAMPEA-11 and 0.20 mg/g to 0.29 mg/g in SAMPEA 20T, while phytates decreased by 30% across both varieties after roasting. In the same vein, boiling and roasting both reduced concentrations lectin. While folate content, also decreased significantly in SAMPEA-11 after roasting, from 270 to 140 µg/100g. In contrast, SAMPEA 20T retained more folate, with a minimal reduction after boiling (250 to 220 µg/100g). Hence, Roasting was found to enhance shelf life by reducing moisture content while improving carbohydrate and mineral content. However, boiling appears more effective in retaining essential nutrients like protein and folate, especially in SAMPEA 20T. These findings provide insights for optimizing processing techniques to improve nutritional quality of cowpeas.
Utilization of Cassava Peel as Substrate for Production of Biofertilizer and Its Effect on the Growth of Millet Yusuf, Obadiah Saveni; Abershi, Ajiduku Leyoa; Chuanu, Solomon; Ngabea, Nasiru Audu; Bappa, Lipana Dorcas; Mafe, Alice Njolke; Idris, Maina Sumaiya
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 2 No 3 (2024): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v2i3.4160

Abstract

The quality of the carrier is critical in influencing microbial load and shelf life of biofertilizers. Cassava peels are abundant and have little economic value, making them ideal for use as biofertilizer carrier materials. The carrier material supported the growth of the test organism, thus suggesting the presence of nutrients and absence of toxicity. During isolation and culturing of bacteria, three (3) grams of soil sample was measured and diluted with 100ml of distilled water, and mixed well to get soil suspension. Ten (10) ml of the soil suspension was poured in the first test tube and shake well, 1ml of the first test tube was transferred into the second test tube containing nine (9) ml of sterile distilled water aseptically to get dilution. One (1)ml of the suspension from the second test-tube was transferred to third test tube also containing 9ml of sterile distilled water aseptically, 1ml of the soil suspension was transferred from the third test tube to the fourth test tube,1ml of the soil suspension was transferred from the fourth test tube was transferred to the fifth test tube,1ml of the soil suspension from the fifth soil suspension was also transferred to the sixth test tube, another 1ml from the sixth soil suspension was also transferred to seventh test tube aseptically. Soil sample from test tube 4, 5, and 6 was inoculated in yeast extract media and was incubated for 24 hours. The result shows that at 2DAP, 3DAP, 4DAP, 5DAP, AND 6DAP there is statistical significant difference between the treatment and control but at 7DAP, 8DAP, 9DAP AND 10DAP there is no statistical significant difference between the treatment and control but also at 11DAP there is statistical significant difference between the treatment and the control and at 10DAG, 12DAG, 14DAG, 16DAG, 18DAG, AND 20DAG there is no statistical significant difference between the treatment and control but at 22DAG there is statistical significant difference between the treatment and control at 24DAG there is no statistical significant difference between the treatment and the control. And at 26DAG there is statistical significant difference between the treatment and the control but also at 28DAG there is no statistical significant difference between the treatment and the control using fisher’s least significant difference test. Biofertilizer is a relevant alternative for disposal of this waste and even enables the act of converting wastes to wealth.
Epidemiological Assessment of Chlamydiasis among Women in Jalingo and Kurmi Local Government Areas, Taraba State, Nigeria Mafe, Alice Njolke; Akwa, Vera Yafeh; Houmsou, Roberts Soumay
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 3 No 3 (2025): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v3i3.7404

Abstract

Bacterial sexually transmitted infections remain a major public health concern among adults globally. This study investigates the prevalence and associated risk factors of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women in Jalingo and Kurmi Local Government Areas of Taraba State, Nigeria. Employing a cross-sectional design, 370 women aged 18–55 years were recruited from selected hospitals and clinics. Data collection involved structured questionnaires and laboratory analysis of endocervical swab samples using direct immunofluorescent assay (IFA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for confirmation. The overall prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was 21.8%, with a higher rate in Jalingo (25.5%) compared to Kurmi (18.0%). The highest prevalence was recorded among women aged 18–24 years and those reporting multiple sexual partners. Other statistically significant risk factors included low educational attainment, inconsistent condom use, and a prior history of sexually transmitted infections. The findings underscore the necessity of integrating sensitive diagnostic methods, such as PCR, into routine STI screening to improve early detection and treatment outcomes. The study further emphasizes the need for targeted public health interventions, including routine chlamydia screening, comprehensive sexual health education, and improved access to sexual and reproductive health services in the region.
Integrated Phenotypic and Genotypic Drug Susceptibility Profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reveals High Burden of Multidrug Resistance in Northwest Nigeria Tubi, Abiola Olajumoke; Gyar, Silas D.; Ngwai, Yakubu Boyi; Owuna, Jibril Egwu; Mafe, Alice Njolke
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i1.8824

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) drug resistance remains a major public health challenge in Northwest Nigeria, undermining effective disease control and treatment outcomes. This study aimed to assess the genotypic and phenotypic drug susceptibility patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients attending TB Reference Centres, with particular focus on first-line, second-line, repurposed, and new anti-TB drugs. A cross-sectional design was employed involving 503 presumptive TB cases. MTB detection and rifampicin resistance were screened using Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, genotypic resistance was assessed using Line Probe Assay, and phenotypic susceptibility was evaluated through Lowenstein–Jensen culture and MGIT Bactec 960. Associations between conventional drugs, repurposed drugs (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and linezolid), and the new drug bedaquiline with multidrug-resistant TB were analyzed using chi-square tests. The results confirmed MTB in 122 patients (24.3%), including 34 rifampicin-resistant cases (28.0%). Genotypic testing showed that 11 isolates (9.0%) were resistant to at least one drug, whereas 111 isolates (90.9%) were pan-susceptible. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant TB was 17.9%, with high susceptibility to levofloxacin (95.9%) and moxifloxacin (97.5%). Chi-square analysis demonstrated statistically significant associations between conventional, repurposed, and new anti-TB drugs and multidrug-resistant TB (p < .001). Discordance between phenotypic and genotypic drug susceptibility testing was also observed. Geographically, TB hotspots were identified in Sokoto, Kaduna, and Kano, while HIV co-infection remained low (4.4%). These findings indicate that a substantial proportion of TB patients harbor drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, highlighting the need for routine drug susceptibility testing, continuous monitoring of new and repurposed drug effectiveness, strengthened regional surveillance, and evidence-based TB control policies to improve treatment decisions and curb the spread of multidrug-resistant TB.
Evaluation of Water Purification Potentials of Moringa Seed (Moringa oleifera) In Jalingo Local Government Area of Taraba State Yusuf, Obadiah Saveni; Abershi, Ajiduku Leyoa; Chuanu, Solomon; Bappa, Lipana Dorcas; Ngabea, Nasiru Audu; Mafe, Alice Njolke; Bando, David Christopher; Peter, Danladi Mbosire; Umaru, Isaac John
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v1i1.3836

Abstract

Agricultural, Domestic and Industrial activities are all human activities that led to squalid of environment, mostly water pollution. Water is needed for every daily activities and conventional methods of treating wastewater such as the use of chlorine and other is detrimental to human health. Hence, there is need for a greener sustainable alternative of wastewater treatment such as biological method. This study focused on developing an efficient and cost-effective procedure for using Moringa oleifera seeds to produce natural coagulant for use in drinking water treatment. The study investigates processing Moringa oleifera seeds to concentrate the bio-active constituents which have coagulation activity. It is generally accepted that Moringa works as a coagulant due to positively charged, water-soluble proteins, which bind with negatively charged particles (silt, clay, bacteria, toxins, etc) thereby allowing the resulting “flocs” to settle to the bottom and then be removed by filtration. The turbidity removal was about 83-100% using two processed Moringa oleifera seeds to treat an undrinkable well water having 6 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). The product satisfies WHO standards for portable water and minimizes the cost of water treatment and therefore it is recommended as an efficient and effective treatment for drinking water especially for the rural communities where there is poor access to potable water.
Co-Authors Abah, Moses Adondua Abershi, Ajiduku Leyoa Akwa, Vera Yafeh Bando, David Christopher Bappa, Lipana Dorcas Chuanu, Solomon Daniel, Ejembi Ocholi Dauda, Usman Danlami Francis, Achilus Garba, Haladu Farida Gyar, Silas D. Houmsou, Roberts Soumay Idris, Maina Sumaiya Ikwebe, Joseph Ngabea, Nasiru Audu Ngwai, Yakubu Boyi Ojogbene, Eleojo Owuna, Jibril Egwu Peter, Danladi Mbosire Sambo, Elkanah Deborah Samuel, Kennedy Banja Stephen, Ezeonu Chukwuma Titus, Stephen Dio Tubi, Abiola Olajumoke Umaru, Isaac John Yusuf, Obadiah Saveni