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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences
Belva, Felicia Lael
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Medicine & Pharmacology

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The Potential Use of Algae as Biosorbents for Mercury Removal in the Indonesian Water Bodies Josefano, Richelle Bertly; Belva, Felicia Lael; Yoel, Abigail; Rahardja, Richelle Tirta; Dharmawan, Nethania Angeline; Tjandra, Noah William; Bani, Mario Donald
Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences 2023: IJLS Vol 05 No .02
Publisher : Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54250/ijls.v5i02.164

Abstract

Contamination of mercury in the water body in Indonesia has become a big concern for many people due to the harmful effects of this heavy metal when it enters the body. Mercury contamination may cause neurological disorders that lead to loss of senses, and damage the brain, the central nervous system, the kidney, and can lead to birth defects. Human activities, such as Coal-Fired Power Plants (CFFPs) and Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) as well as other mining activities, are among the biggest contributors of mercury emissions in Indonesia’s water body. Biosorbents such as fungi, bacteria and algae can be utilized to alleviate this problem, with algae being the most reliable biosorbent due to its abundance in Indonesia, low cost manufacturing, and high metal ion binding capacity. There are three varieties of algae that can be used as a mercury biosorbent: green algae (Chlorophyta), red algae (Rhodophyta), and brown algae (Phaeophyta). Different studies have shown that the most compatible mercury biosorbent is green algae due to its highest mercury absorption capacity. However, there are limited studies about the use of algae in Indonesia as mercury biosorbent.
CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated Gene Therapy: Current Advancements and Applications Towards Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff Disease Josefano, Richelle Bertly; Yoel, Abigail; Japri, Beatrice Miranda; Belva, Felicia Lael; Widjojo, Clara Ayu; Hermantara, Rio
Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences 2024: IJLS Vol 06 No.02
Publisher : Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54250/ijls.v6i2.195

Abstract

Tay-Sachs disease and Sandhoff disease are neurodegenerative diseases that are classified as autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorders. They are commonly caused by a mutation that occurs in the HEXA and HEXB genes, which are responsible for encoding beta-hexosaminidase-A (Hex A) and beta-hexosaminidase-B (Hex B). Furthermore, Sandhoff's disease symptoms include spinocerebellar ataxia, motor degeneration, sensorimotor neuropathy, tremor, dystonia, and psychosis, which are comparable to Tay-Sachs disease symptoms. The current treatment of Tay-sachs include enzyme replacement therapy, bone marrow transplantation, and administration of genetically modified stem cells with HexA which do not impede neurological dysfunction and were not effective in the long run. On the other hand, there is no standard treatment for Sandhoff but it utilizes bone marrow transplantation which is ineffective. So far, there is only one available gene editing treatment. Therefore, it might be necessary to consider gene editing as a prospective treatment for both diseases, with CRISPR being a primary method. By utilizing Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) as the delivery method for the CRISPR-Cas9 system, it can replace the defective HEXA or HEXB gene with a modified gene termed HEXM, which was found to be the gene codes for the Hex subunit of the same enzyme that is missing in Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease. Several challenges of implementing CRISPR-Cas9 technology to treat Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease include off-target mutations, unintentional cleavage of the non-targeted sites, and bioethical challenges. Further studies can be explored using various CRISPR-Cas9 systems to improve its efficiency.
Co-Authors Dharmawan, Nethania Angeline Japri, Beatrice Miranda Josefano, Richelle Bertly Mario Donald Bani Rahardja, Richelle Tirta Rio Hermantara Tjandra, Noah William Widjojo, Clara Ayu Yoel, Abigail