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All Journal AGASTYA: JURNAL SEJARAH DAN PEMBELAJARANNYA Khazanah: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam Journal of Philology and Historical Review
Nazra, Endah Regita Cahyani
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Religion Arts Humanities Education Social Sciences

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Political and trade of the Malacca sultanate and the ming dynasty XV-XVI century Darmawan, Budi; Nazra, Endah Regita Cahyani; Rahmawati, Fitri; Hasibuan, Nur Anisah
AGASTYA: JURNAL SEJARAH DAN PEMBELAJARANNYA Vol 14, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : UNIVERITAS PGRI MADIUN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25273/ajsp.v14i1.18633

Abstract

This research was conducted due to the significance of the Malacca Strait's role as a trading center, connecting the Ming Dynasty in China with various regions, which led to economic growth and cultural interaction in Malacca. The main focus of the research lies on the political and trade interdependence between the Sultanate of Malacca and the Ming Dynasty during the 15th-16th centuries. The author employs the historical methods of heuristics, source criticism, data interpretation and historiography to conduct an in-depth analysis of historical records and artifacts, with the aim of holistically investigating the political and trade interrelationships between the Ming Dynasty and the Malacca Sultanate. The research reveals that diplomatic visits and mutually beneficial trade strengthened the relationship between Malacca and China. Facing threats from Siam and Majapahit, Malacca sought refuge from the Ming Dynasty, and began a close relationship. Notably, the visit of Chinese envoy Yin C'ing in 1403 paved the way for the arrival of Admiral Cheng Ho in 1409, which strengthened diplomatic relations. This relationship not only protected Malacca, but also facilitated its thriving trade. Malacca became a trading hub, offering China access to spices, while the Ming Dynasty provided military protection. The interdependence between Malacca and China in the 15th century underscores that their relationship not only fostered political security, but also increased trade and cultural exchange in the region.
Application of The Stemma Method in The Study of Nusantara Ancient Manuscripts Darmawan, Budi; maijar, Lidia; Riza, Yulfira; Nazra, Endah Regita Cahyani; Irno, Irno
Journal of Philology and Historical Review Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Regalia Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61540/jphr.v2i2.95

Abstract

This paper aims to explore the stemma method in philological studies and analyze the application of this method in researching ancient texts, especially in the aspect of manuscript genealogy. This paper arises in response to the challenges philologists often face when trying to determine the most appropriate method for their research into manuscripts. The presence of various methodological options can often confuse researchers and make them feel disoriented in their research. Therefore, this paper aims to provide guidance to readers in determining the appropriate steps in philological research, especially in the context of manuscripts that are considered ancient or old. One of the methods that will be discussed in detail is the use of Stemma, which is a very useful tool in uncovering the autograph authenticity of ancient manuscripts. By utilizing the Stemma method in research, researchers can take concrete steps to identify and analyze genealogical relationships between various ancient texts. This can help them achieve a deeper understanding of the origins and development of the texts, as well as identify the most authentic or authentic versions. Thus, through a better understanding of the theory, methodology and practical applications of philology, it is hoped that researchers will not feel confused or lost in their research, especially when they are dealing with texts that have a long and complex history.
MARITIME HISTORY: MAMLUK AND ITALIAN INTERACTIONS IN THE PORT CITY OF ALEXANDRIA FROM 1250 TO 1517 Darmawan, Budi; Shukor, Khairunnisa Binti A; Nazra, Endah Regita Cahyani
Khazanah: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): Juli-Desember
Publisher : Program Studi Sejarah Peradaban Islam Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Imam Bonjol Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15548/khazanah.v15i2.2460

Abstract

This study investigates the strategic role of Alexandria as a major port city during the Mamluk Sultanate from 1250 to 1517 and the dynamics of its interactions with the Italian maritime republics. Alexandria served as a crucial node in premodern global trade networks. The study also examines the condition of the port and its influence on urban development, maritime security, and state fiscal policy. Drawing on primary sources such as the chronicles of al Maqrizi and Ibn Taghribirdi, as well as secondary studies, the research shows that relations between the Mamluks and the Italian states were shaped by deep economic interdependence. The Mamluks relied on European precious metals and manufactured products, while the Italian states depended on spices, sugar, cotton, and other Eastern commodities that flowed through Alexandria. These interactions unfolded in a tense geopolitical environment marked by the legacy of the Crusades, competition among Italian states, church embargoes, and persistent piracy. The study argues that Alexandria functioned not only as an economic hub but also as a stage for coercive diplomacy, where the Mamluks used foreign merchant communities as instruments of negotiation to compensate for their limited naval power. Yet the reliance on trade monopolies, transit taxation, and the failure to adapt to global changes, especially the rise of Portuguese sea routes and Ottoman expansion, weakened this system and contributed to its fragility in the decades before the fall of the Mamluk Sultanate in 1517
Co-Authors Budi Darmawan Fitri Rahmawati Hasibuan, Nur Anisah Irno, Irno Maijar, Lidia Riza, Yulfira Shukor, Khairunnisa Binti A