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Structured Training Program About Breast Self Examination Toward Awareness and Behavior Among Women in Bengkulu City, Indonesia Jipri Suyanto; Sianipar, Berlian Kando; Danur Azissah Roeliana Sofais; Santhna Letchmi Panduragan
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 3 (2024): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v10i3.833

Background:Indonesia, an emerging country, faces a substantial mortality rate due to breast cancer. This high mortality rate is largely attributed to a lack of knowledge and health literacy among women, which limits their ability to independently seek and understand relevant health information. As a result, a significant proportion of breast cancer patients are only informed that their cancer is in an advanced stage during health assessments, often due to worsening health conditions. Breast cancer carries a significant risk of mortality. Objective:The aim of this study was to examine the influence of a structured training program on breast self-examination (BSE) on women's awareness and behavior. Methods:This study employed a two-group quasi-experimental design involving women aged 26 to 35 over a period of 4 months. Awareness and behavior were assessed before and after receiving organized training. A self-designed questionnaire was utilized, which was validated for its reliability. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. A total of 250 participants were included, with 125 in the intervention group and 125 in the control group. An unpaired group comparison test of awareness and behavior data was performed using the Mann-Whitney test to evaluate the differences between the control and treatment groups after the intervention. Results:The mean ± standard deviation of awareness in the control group was 45.12 ± 15.830 before the intervention and 47.96 ± 16.754 after. The mean score for post-intervention awareness in the control group was 13.67. The mean rank for awareness in the intervention group increased from 64.69 before the intervention to 45.87 after. The average rank for behavior in the control group increased from pre-control to post-control, reaching 31.80, while the behavior in the intervention group increased from pre-control to post-control, reaching 45.87. Conclusion:The results revealed a significant difference between the control group and the intervention group. A structured training program can effectively improve awareness and behavior related to routine breast self-examinations. Keywords: structured training program; breast self-examination; awareness; behavior

Pendidikan kesehatan dengan pendekatan psikologis pada penderita tuberculosis yang introvert Jipri Suyanto; Fery Surahman Saputra; Yance Hidayat; Zumadir Ahad; Nur Aida Siti Karomah; Priti Sinta; Suriyani; Monica Dwi Hartanti
JOURNAL OF Public Health Concerns Vol. 4 No. 4 (2024): JOURNAL OF Public Health Concerns
Publisher : Indonesian Public Health-Observer Information Forum (IPHORR) Kerja sama dengan: Unit Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kep Akademi Keperawatan Baitul Hikmah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56922/phc.v4i4.434

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the most significant public health problems worldwide. According to World Health Organization estimates, around 10.6 million people were diagnosed with the disease in 2021. Managing tuberculosis is becoming more difficult due to the fact that drug-resistant strains are becoming more common. This makes most tuberculosis patients withdrawn and less social, making them introverted. Introverted patients face their own set of problems in managing tuberculosis (TB), especially related to the level of participation in health services and health literacy. A health education strategy based on personal health psychology techniques is needed as an effort to approach health understanding to introverted tuberculosis patients. Purpose: To provide emotional support and improve health literacy in introverted tuberculosis patients. Method: This approach is implemented through a house-to-house visit method. Providing education about health, treatment, and providing social insight on how to behave towards the community. Evaluation using a questionnaire (emotional contingency theory) as a record of behavioral responses and patient facial expressions. Evaluation of facial expressions is grouped into 2 categories, namely positive = if the response is depicted with a bright and smiling face and responding to conversations well and negative = if the patient responds with less responsive, uncommunicative, and closed behavior. Results: More than eighty percent of patients showed symptoms of positive emotions that increased after the educational intervention. Most patients gained increased knowledge and understanding of tuberculosis. Positive patient expressions after the intervention showed that increased knowledge made tuberculosis patients better at interacting with the community. Conclusion: Community service activities with a psychological health approach by making direct home visits are very effective as an application of health education to introverted tuberculosis patients. With this concept, we have high hopes that patients will be able to gain a more comprehensive understanding of tuberculosis and increase compliance with their healing therapy. Awareness of psychological needs is part of mental health support for tuberculosis sufferers. Keywords: Emotional; Health education; Introvert; Personal health psychology; Tuberculosis Pendahuluan: Tuberculosis (TB) terus menjadi salah satu masalah paling signifikan bagi kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Menurut perkiraan Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia, sekitar 10,6 juta orang didiagnosis menderita penyakit tersebut pada tahun 2021. Mengelola tuberculosis menjadi lebih sulit karena fakta bahwa strain yang resisten terhadap obat menjadi lebih umum. Hal ini menjadi sebagian besar penderita tuberculosis menjadi tertutup dan kurang berinteraksi dengan sosial, sehingga menjadikan penderita tuberculosis berperilaku introvert. Pasien introvert menghadapi serangkaian masalah tersendiri dalam hal penanganan tuberculosis (TB), khususnya terkait tingkat partisipasi dalam layanan kesehatan dan literasi kesehatan. Diperlukan sebuah strategi pendidikan kesehatan yang didasarkan pada teknik psikologi kesehatan pribadi sebagai upaya pendekatan pemahaman tentang kesehatan kepada penderita tuberculosis yang introvert. Tujuan: Untuk memberikan dukungan emosional dan meningkatkan pemahaman kesehatan pada penderita tuberculosis yang introvert. Metode: Pendekatan ini diterapkan melalui metode kunjungan dari rumah ke rumah. Memberikan edukasi tentang kesehatan, pengobatan, dan memberikan wawasan sosial bagaimana bersikap kepada masyarakat. Evaluasi menggunakan kuesioner (teori kontingensi emosional) sebagai pencatatan tanggapan perilaku dan ekspresi wajah pasien. Evaluasi ekspresi wajah dikelompokkan dalam 2 kategori yaitu positif=apabila tanggapan digambarkan dengan wajah yang cerah dan tersenyum serta menanggapi percakapan dengan baik dan negatif=apabila pasien menanggapi dengan perilaku yang kurang responsif, tidak komunikatif, dan tertutup. Hasil: Lebih dari delapan puluh persen pasien menunjukkan gejala emosi positif yang meningkat setelah dilakukan intervensi edukasi. Sebagian besar pasien mendapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang tuberculosis. Ekspresi positif pasien setelah intervensi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan pengetahuan menjadikan pasien tuberculosis dalam berinteraksi dengan masyarakat menjadi lebih baik. Simpulan: Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan pendekatan kesehatan psikologis dengan melakukan kunjungan ke rumah langsung sangat efektif sebagai penerapan edukasi kesehatan kepada pasien tuberculosis yang introvert. Dengan konsep ini, kami memiliki harapan besar bahwa pasien akan mampu memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih komprehensif tentang tuberculosis dan meningkatkan kepatuhan terhadap terapi penyembuhannya. Kesadaran akan kebutuhan psikologis adalah bagian dari dukungan mental kesehatan bagi penderita tuberculosis.

A Systematic Literature Review: The Effect of Health Education Concepts of Cervical Cancer in Community Based Bando, Epina Felizita; Mohamed Saifulaman Mohamed Said; Tukimin bin Sansuwito; Jipri Suyanto
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i2.957

Background: Cervical cancer remains a major global public health issue, particularly as a leading cause of mortality among women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries. The disease is predominantly associated with infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Despite its preventable nature, cervical cancer continues to pose a significant health burden due to limited access to screening and treatment services. Early detection through regular screening, such as Pap smears, and increased awareness of risk factors and early symptoms are critical in reducing morbidity and mortality. However, a key barrier to early detection and prevention is limited health literacy among women. Therefore, there is a pressing need for targeted health promotion and education interventions aimed at enhancing knowledge, awareness, and preventive practices related to cervical cancer. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the impact of health education interventions on the prevention of cervical cancer using a systematic literature review approach. Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using indexed databases, including ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Studies published between 2019 and 2024 were screened based on relevance to the topic, study design, type of intervention, and reported outcomes. Fourteen studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for review. Data extraction focused on identifying key findings related to the effectiveness of health education, which were subsequently analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach. Results: Analysis of the included studies revealed that health education interventions have a significant positive impact on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to cervical cancer prevention. Whether implemented through community-based programs, professional healthcare training, or digital platforms, these interventions consistently improved participants’ awareness and engagement in preventive practices. Notably, the integration of traditional educational strategies with innovative technologies, such as mobile health applications, demonstrated enhanced effectiveness in increasing health literacy and participation. Conclusion: Health education represents a fundamental strategy in global efforts to reduce the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. However, the effectiveness of these interventions varies depending on the population, cultural context, and delivery method. Tailoring educational programs to local needs and incorporating technology may optimize their reach and impact. Keywords: health literacy; awareness; attitude; cervical cancer prevention; health education

Cultural Barrier and Cervical Cancer Stigma on Screening Program in Community: A Systematic Literature Review Epina Felizita Bando; Mohamed Saifulaman Mohamed Said; Tukimin bin Sansuwito; Jipri Suyanto
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): April - June
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i2.966

Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant public health issue in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where screening coverage is low due to cultural barriers and stigma. In many communities, reproductive health is considered a taboo subject, limiting women's access to accurate information and preventive services. The stigma associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), the primary cause of cervical cancer, often stems from misconceptions linking the infection to promiscuity, which leads to fear of judgment and social exclusion. Objectives: This study aims to explore the influence of cultural barriers and stigma on cervical cancer screening practices in diverse populations, particularly in LMICs. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using three major databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Studies published between 2020 and 2024 were screened based on titles, methodologies, interventions, and outcomes. A total of 79 relevant articles were reviewed and synthesized using a narrative framework. Results: The analysis of nine key studies highlights that women in LMICs, including Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, and India, face stigma, misinformation, and limited access to healthcare, all of which hinder screening participation. Similar challenges are observed among migrant and Indigenous populations in high-income countries. HPV self-sampling has emerged as a culturally acceptable and accessible method that increases participation, particularly when supported by trained health workers. However, concerns about test reliability and discomfort remain. Conclusion: To improve cervical cancer screening outcomes, culturally responsive education, access to self-sampling, and community-based interventions are essential. Addressing social determinants of health and involving local health workers are key strategies to enhance participation and reduce cervical cancer burden globally. Keywords: cervical cancer screening; stigma; cultural barriers; HPV; health education; self-sampling; social determinants of health

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