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All Journal Journal of Applied Electrical Engineering International Journal of Electrical and Intelligent Engineering
Darmawan, Muhammad Riza
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Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering

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A Study on Reducing Measurement Fluctuations in Iron-Electrode Salinity Sensor Using Moving Average and Kalman Filters Pratama, Dananjaya Endi; Habibulloh, Muhammad Aldino; Darmawan, Muhammad Riza; Ramadhani, Candra Putri Rizkiyah; Triputradi, Mohammad Erdianto; Fadhil, Martiana Kholila
Journal of Applied Electrical Engineering Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): JAEE, June 2025
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30871/jaee.v9i1.9539

Abstract

Indonesia is recognized as one of the leading shrimp-producing countries globally, with most farms operating on a small scale using traditional methods. This creates a strong demand for low-cost technologies to support aquaculture. One critical component in shrimp farming is water quality monitoring, where salinity is a key parameter affecting shrimp health and growth. Affordable salinity sensors using iron electrodes are increasingly considered. However, they often produce unstable and fluctuating readings, compromising monitoring reliability. This study addresses the issue by applying digital filters to enhance the stability of salinity sensor data. Two filtering methods, Moving Average and Kalman filters were evaluated using salinity ADC data from previous research. The analysis focused on comparing their effectiveness in stabilizing measurements. Results show that the Moving Average filter outperformed the Kalman filter, providing lower standard deviation values (87,09, 65,69, 63,67) and variance values (7,5807E+03, 4,3150E+03, 4,0542E+03), confirming its suitability for improving low-cost salinity sensor performance.
Bridging the Digital Divide in Archipelagic Marine Tourism: A Study of Telecommunications Infrastructure and Traffic Engineering in Raja Ampat, Indonesia Darmawan, Muhammad Riza; Cahyadi, Widya; Fadhil, Martiana Kholila; Pratama, Dananjaya Endi; Ramadhanty, Vina Dewi; Ramadhani, Candra Putri Rizkiyah
International Journal of Electrical and Intelligent Engineering Vol 2, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/ijeie.v2i1.41376

Abstract

This study assesses telecommunications infrastructure and traffic engineering in Raja Ampat, Indonesia, comprising four main islands and over 1,500 smaller islands across 46,000 km² of marine protected area. Field measurements at 48 points over 2023–2024, combined with QoS evaluation and SWOT-based assessment, revealed adequate signal coverage (–65 to –80 dBm) only within 1 km of shore-based stations, degrading to –95 to –110 dBm at offshore diving locations (5–15 km), where throughput dropped to 2–5 Mbps against the 10–50 Mbps requirement. A Modified Erlang B Model showed 3–4× seasonal traffic variation, with peak busy-hour demand reaching 2.5–4 Gbps from 300–560 concurrent users and the Misool–Salawati backhaul reaching 95% utilization. Capacity forecasting (R² = 0.91) indicates saturation within 2–3 years. An integrated approach combining additional base stations, expanded backhaul, LEO satellite integration, and renewable energy is essential.
Co-Authors Fadhil, Martiana Kholila Habibulloh, Muhammad Aldino Pratama, Dananjaya Endi Ramadhani, Candra Putri Rizkiyah Ramadhanty, Vina Dewi Triputradi, Mohammad Erdianto Widya Cahyadi