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All Journal Reaktor Jurnal Reka Lingkungan JPM17: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal IPTEK Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil dan Lingkungan JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains dan Teknologi Terapan Jurnal GEOSAPTA KURVATEK Prosiding Seminar Teknologi Kebumian dan Kelautan (SEMITAN Journal of Metallurgical Engineering and Processing Technology Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Industri Berkelanjutan Makara Journal of Science Journal of Industrial Process and Chemical Engineering (JOICHE) KOPEMAS

Kusdarini, Esthi

Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya

Author-ID : 754860

Arts Humanities Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Public Health Social Sciences Transportation

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PRODUKSI KARBON AKTIF DARI BATUBARA BITUMINUS DENGAN AKTIVASI TUNGGAL H3PO4, KOMBINASI H3PO4-NH4HCO3, DAN TERMAL Esthi Kusdarini; Agus Budianto; Desyana Ghafarunnisa
Reaktor Volume 17 No. 2 Juni 2017
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Abstract ACTIVE CARBON PRODUCTION OF BITUMINOUS COAL WITH SINGLE ACTIVITY H3PO4, H3PO4 COMBINE WITH NH4HCO3, AND THERMAL. Bituminous coal has a good potential to be utilized as activated carbon because it has high carbon, which is between 54-86%. The purpose of research was to obtain moisture content data, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, absorption of iodine (iodine), area surface and the volume of pore activated carbon. Another aim was to study the effect of reagent types and concentrations of H3PO4 reagent and NH4HCO3 reagent to the characteristics of the activated carbon. The study was conducted in six stages: 1) carbonization; 2) chemical activation; 3) neutralizing; 4) filtering; 5) activation in physics; and 6) cooling. The renewal of this study is the use of reagents combination H3PO4-NH4HCO3. The results showed that the active carbon which is activated by a combination of H3PO4 reagent 2 M - NH4HCO3 reagent 2 M and reagent H3PO4 reagent 2.5 M - reagent NH4HCO3 reagent 2.5 M have the best iodine. Activated carbon is activated using H3PO4 reagent 2 M - NH4HCO3 reagent 2 M containing 7.5% water content; ash content of 9,0%; volatile matter content of 43.3%, 40.2% fixed carbon, iodine 1238.544 mg/g. While activated carbon which is activated using H3PO4reagent 2.5 M - NH4HCO3 reagent 2.5 M contain 7.4% water content; ash content is about 10%; volatile matter content is 39.1%, fixed carbon is 43.5%, iodine 1238.544 mg/g, surface area 86.213 m2/g, and pore volume 0.0733 cc/g. Keywords: perf activation; coal; bituminous; H3PO4; NH4HCO3; active carbon Abstrak Batubara bituminus mempunyai potensi bagus untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi karbon aktif karena mempunyai kandungan karbon yang cukup tinggi, yaitu antara 54-86%. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh data kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang, fixed carbon, daya serap terhadap iodium (bilangan iodin), luas permukaan, dan volume pori karbon aktif. Tujuan lainnya adalah mempelajari pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi reagen H3PO4 dan NH4HCO3 terhadap karakteristik karbon aktif. Penelitian dilakukan dalam enam tahap : 1) karbonisasi; 2) aktivasi secara kimia; 3) penetralan;; 4) penyaringan; 5) aktivasi secara fisika; 6) pendinginan. Pembaharuan dalam penelitian ini adalah penggunaan kombinasi reagen H3PO4-NH4HCO3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif yang diaktivasi dengan kombinasi reagen H3PO4 2 M - NH4HCO3 2 M dan H3PO4 2,5 M - NH4HCO3 2,5 M mempunyai bilangan iodin terbaik. Karbon aktif yang diaktivasi menggunakan reagen H3PO4 2 M - NH4HCO3 2 M mengandung kadar air 7,5%, kadar abu 9,0%, kadar zat terbang 43,3%, fixed carbon 40,2%, bilangan iodin 1238,544 mg/g. Sedangkan karbon aktif yang diaktivasi menggunakan reagen H3PO4 2,5 M - NH4HCO3 2,5 M mengandung kadar air 7,4%, kadar abu 10%, kadar zat terbang 39,1%, fixed carbon 43,5%, bilangan iodin 1238,544 mg/g, luas permukaan 86,213 m2/g, dan volume pori 0,0733 cc/g. Kata kunci: aktivasi; batubara; bituminus; H3PO4; NH4HCO3; karbon aktif

Production of Activated Carbon from High-Grade Bituminous Coal to Removal Cr (VI) Esthi Kusdarini; Denis Rocky Pradana; Agus Budianto
Reaktor Volume 22 No. 1 April 2022
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Activated carbon was produced from high-grade bituminous coal, potentially removing Cr metal in textile industrial waste. The purposes of this study were 1) getting activated carbon characteristics, 2) studying the impact of reagent concentration and activation temperature on the activated carbon characteristics, and 3) getting the isotherm adsorption equation for activated carbon developed by Freundlich and Langmuir on Cr metal. This research used an experimental method with a laboratory scale, which means the manufacture of activated carbon and a test of adsorbs power of activated carbon to the Cr metal were conducted in the laboratory. Activated carbon manufacture through carbonization process of chemical activation used reagent (NH4)3PO4, neutralization, filtration, physical activation, and cooling. At the same time, it tested the adsorption power of the activated carbon to Cr metal through activated carbon contact with a solution containing some Cr6+ ion. The update in this research was using reagent (NH4)3PO4 and the test of adsorption power of activated carbon to Cr6+ ion contained in the artificial waste. This research showed activated carbon that has been activated using reagent (NH4)3PO4 0.5 – 2 M at physical activation temperature of 825oC and has met the standard of SNI number 06-3730-1995. The best-activated carbon was produced from chemical activation using (NH4)3PO4 1 M solution and physical activation at 825oC. The best-activated carbon characteristics contained 1.27% water; 17.17% content of volatile matter, 9.39% was ash content; 73.17% contained fixed carbon, and the iodine value was 1248.30 mg/g. The best Equation of Langmuir isotherm adsorption of activated carbon to the Cr6+ produced Constant Ar = -90.0901 and Kc = -0.0075.

Adsorption Capacity of Magnetic Activated Carbon Derived from Snake Fruit (Salacca zalacca) Seeds to Cd(II): Characteristics and Isotherm Model Kusdarini, Esthi; Budianto, Agus; Kusuma, Maritha Nilam; Atiyatussa'adah, Eva
Reaktor Volume 25 No.1 April 2025
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.25.1.%p

Salak seeds are an agricultural waste that has the potential to be converted into magnetic activated carbon (MAC). The resulting MAC can be utilized for wastewater treatment, particularly in the adsorption of heavy metals. This study develops a method for producing MAC by forming activated carbon using a chemical activator without physical activation, chosen to reduce energy consumption. The activated carbon is then modified with Fe3O4 composite to render it magnetic and reusable. The objectives of this study are to 1) determine the optimal chemical activator concentration, 2) characterize magnetic activated carbon, 3) evaluate the adsorption capacity of MAC for Cd(II) in wastewater, 4) obtain an adsorption isotherm model of MAC for Cd(II) using the Langmuir and Freundlich models, and 5) analyze the surface morphology and elemental composition of MAC. Chemical activation was performed using an HCl-H3PO4 mixture with equal concentrations in a 1:1 volume ratio, with variable concentrations of 0.55, 1.05, 1.55, 2.05, and 2.55 M. MAC's characteristics and adsorption capacity were analyzed using proximate analysis, BET, SEM-EDX, and AAS. The results showed that: 1) the optimal HCl-H3PO4 concentration was 2.05 M, 2) MAC contained 1% moisture, 21.88% volatile matter, 38% ash, 39.13% fixed carbon, iodine number of 1218.24 mg/g, surface area of 175.604 m2/g, and an average pore volume of 26.8093 cc/g, 3) MAC adsorbed Cd(II) from wastewater with an efficiency of 80.12 – 87.75%, 4) the Langmuir isotherm model yielded R2 = 0.9847, qm = 35.0877 mg/g, and b = 0.0285 L/mg, whereas the Freundlich model yielded R2 = 0.9729, n = 1.5881, and kf = 7.6701 mg/g, and 5) MAC exhibited evenly distributed pores and contained dominant elements Fe (30.26%), C (29.08%), O (24.59%), Na (11.27%), with traces of Mg, Al, Mo, and Cl.

Co-Authors ABD. MALIK Abubakar Tuhuloula Achmad Maulidan Syahrie Adjie, Dwi Poetranto Waloejo Afrianti, Risa Agus Budianto Agus Budianto Angga Kusuma Wijaya Atawolo, Yuliano Atiyatussa'adah, Eva Avellyn Shinthya Sari Ayuni Rita Sari Ayunida Sasti, Sylvesiana Bagas Brillyant Umara Putra Bagus Dwi Susanto Bahar, Hendra Budiarto Budiarto Budiarto Budiarto Casimiro Orleans Martins Denis Rocky Pradana Desyana Ghafarunnisa Dwi Poetranto Waloejo Adjie Eka Nurohman Hadi Prasetyono Eka Rizky Ramadhani Erlinda Ningsih Erna Abinoam Kudmasa Febriyandi, Daniel Firdaus, Izza Achmad Firmansyah Fitri Nurmala Sade Flaminggo Gingga Freeda Inggrit Ulviandri Gingga, Flaminggo Hendro Nugroho Kudmasa, Erna Abinoam Kusuma Puti, Ratih Hardini Lakon Utamakno Mabuat, Imelda Srilestari Maritha Nilam Kusuma Nurul Lailatul Mahmudah Ongko Priambo Prasetyono, Eka Nurohman Hadi Priambo, Ongko Putra, Daniel Aries Putra, Resky Tri Putri, Fairus Atika Redanto Ratih Hardini Kusuma Puti Ratih Hardini Kusuma Putri Ratih Hardini Kusuma Putri Resky Tri Putra Sade, Fitri Nurmala Saleky, Dewy Belavista Salman Salman Sapto Heru Yuwanto Saputro, Alvito Nugroho Simone Morison Brilton Castelo Lay Umara Putra, Bagas Brillyant Utamakno, Lakon Yohana Winda Monica Yopianus, Benyamin Yudho Dwi Galih Cahyono

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