Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Dekonstruksi Filosofi Pendidikan Pesantren Salafiyah: Studi Analisis Konsep Sanad Keilmuan Pesantren Al-Haqiqi Sidosermo Surabaya Muhtar, Mohamad Khusnial; Novita, Almi
Aqlania Vol. 14 No. 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Jurusan Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Adab UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32678/aqlania.v14i2.9652

Scholarly sanad is one of the concepts in the philosophy of education of pesantren salafiyah centrally and fundamentally. This research attempts to deconstructively examine this concept from the perspective of Pesantren Al-Haqiqi Sidosermo Surabaya, identified as pesantren salafiyah. It employs a qualitative method with a philosophical approach. Data were collected through interviews and participatory observation, involving caregivers, teachers, and students from the pesantren. The data was analyzed using Derrida’s deconstruction theory. The results reveal that the Pesantren Al-Haqiqi emphasizes the urgency of scholarly sanad in the teaching-learning process, believing it preserves the purity of Islamic teachings from Prophet Muhammad, ensures continuity of knowledge with the Prophet, and brings blessings. However, considering the human dimension in education, which includes subjective and contextual factors, this raises ambiguities and oddities in its meaning and assumptions. The same applies to the guarantee of knowledge continuity and blessings. Recognition of the plurality of knowledge sources, critical examination of traditional authorities, and the development of contextual and innovative skills emerge as reconstructive responses to these ambiguities and oddities. This strengthens the assumption that Islam is a doctrine for all times and places that has momentarily been shaken.

Insan Kamil and Homo Deus: A Pinnacle of Human Existence in the Digital Era Muhtar, Mohamad Khusnial; Bin Mohd Zailani, Ahmad Firdaus
Tasfiyah: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : University of Darussalam Gontor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tasfiyah.v8i1.11482

The human civilization in the current digital era is marked by advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and reflective thought on human existence. This article aims to examine and to compare the pinnacle of human existence in the digital era from the perspectives of Muhammad Iqbal and digital anthropology. The issues discussed are the concepts of Insan Kamil in Iqbal and Homo Deus in digital anthropology, as well as the similarities and differences. The method used is library research with philosophical approach. The data obtained is analyzed qualitatively and comparatively. The results of this article include: the pinnacle of human existence, in Iqbal’s perspective, is understood as Insan Kamil, which is the best representation of divine vicegerent. Meanwhile, in digital anthropology, it can be understood as Homo Deus, which is human surpassing traditional biological limitations and approaching divine characteristics. Both perspectives share similarities in motivation to enhance well-being of humanity, recognizing evolution of human life, understanding the unlimited potential of each individual, and emphasizing the importance of obedience to laws and ethics. Whereas the differences emerge in applicability, religious aspects, achievement foundations, views on God, and the stance on digital technology use. Practically, this discussion raises indecision among practitioners due to the development and utilization of technology clearly separating these concepts. The recommendation for further research is alternative theories that bridge these intersecting ideas.

Teologi Mesianik Perspektif Kristen dan Islam Muhtar, Mohamad Khusnial
Al Hikmah Vol 10 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ah.v10i1.20917

In the messianic theology of Abrahamic religions such as Christianity and Islam, there is a view that in the end times, there will be a battle between good and evil, each represented by certain eschatological figures. This paper discusses the Messiah, the eschatological figure representing good, and the false messiah, representing evil, from the perspectives of Christianity and Islam. It attempts to compare and analyze in depth the concepts of the Messiah and the false messiah from Christian and Islamic perspectives in terms of their sources and historicity. Explicitly, this paper explains who and what the characteristics of the Messiah and the false messiah are that will appear towards the end of times from Christian and Islamic viewpoints. The method used in this paper is library research with a descriptive-qualitative approach. The results of this paper include that both Christianity and Islam recognize Jesus Christ or Isa Al-Masih as the messianic figure who will come towards the end of times. However, in the Islamic perspective, there is another figure associated as the messiah, namely Imam Mahdi. As for the false messiah, there are differences where Christianity associates it with the Antichrist and Islam with Dajjal, each having different characteristics and features. Regarding the discourse on the false messiah in both Christianity and Islam, it is highly interpretative. However, one thing is certain, he is recognized as a great deceiver.

Globalisasi dan Rekonstruksi Identitas: Telaah Filosofis Restorasi Meiji untuk Revitalisasi Budaya Indonesia Muhtar, Mohamad Khusnial; Ariska, Fitri; Firdaus, Thoriq Baihaqi; Sartini, Sartini
KIRYOKU Vol 9, No 1 (2025): Kiryoku: Jurnal Studi Kejepangan
Publisher : Vocational College of Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kiryoku.v9i1.210-227

Globalization is a phenomenon that has brought significant impacts worldwide, including in Indonesia, particularly concerning national cultural identity. Amid this sweeping tide, Japan managed to navigate successfully through its Meiji Restoration. This article explores how the Meiji Restoration model could potentially help Indonesia reconstruct its identity and revitalize its culture. Using a library research method and a philosophical approach, this study reflects on Japan's transformation during the Meiji Restoration, which successfully integrated traditional values with modernity, and compares it to Indonesia's current situation. The findings reveal that social transformation, political reform, and cultural identity reconstruction were key to Japan’s success in overcoming the pressures of globalization. In Indonesia's context, reforming education to instill Indonesian values, adopting flexible cultural preservation strategies, and fostering synergy between the government and society to create sustainable cultural policies are imperative. Indonesia’s cultural identity must be seen as a reflection of the nation's character and mentality, not merely its outward symbols or traditions. This article recommends further research on education models that instill cultural character from an early age, technological strategies for promoting culture, and the integration of traditional values into the creative economy. Such approaches aim to ensure Indonesia’s cultural identity remains strong and relevant amidst global dynamics while thriving on the international stage.

Relevansi Pemikiran Ibnu 'Arabi Bagi Masyarakat Digital: Sebuah Refleksi Filosofis Muhtar, Mohamad Khusnial; Hafidz Iman
Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025): Refleksi: Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ref.v25i1.5851

Ibn ‘Arabi is a highly influential philosopher and Sufi within the Islamic civilization. While his thoughts have been extensively studied by scholars, their relevance to the life of digital society has seldom been explored. This research aims to examine the applicability of Ibn ‘Arabi’s thoughts in addressing the challenges and issues faced by digital society, such as social anxiety, dependency on social media validation, and more. The study seeks to offer pathways toward balancing technological advancement with the preservation of spiritual values. Employing a library research method with a philosophical approach, this study aims to produce critical, reflective, and comprehensive insights. Referring to various literature on Ibn 'Arabi and the life of digital society, the findings of this study indicate that Ibn 'Arabi's teachings remain relevant, albeit not in their entirety. The concept of al-Insān al-Kāmil highlights the importance of honesty and inner integrity amid the pressures of social media, encouraging individuals to avoid solely seeking external validation and instead to use digital platforms as a means of spreading goodness and building meaningful connections. Meanwhile, the concept of Waḥdat al-Wujūd teaches that each individual is a manifestation of the One Divine, fostering self-acceptance and gratitude, as well as promoting tolerance for diversity. By understanding and embracing these two concepts, digital society can strive for a balance between technological progress and spiritual awareness, fostering a more meaningful life.

Teologi Mesianik Perspektif Kristen dan Islam Muhtar, Mohamad Khusnial
Al Hikmah Vol 10 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ah.v10i1.20917

In the messianic theology of Abrahamic religions such as Christianity and Islam, there is a view that in the end times, there will be a battle between good and evil, each represented by certain eschatological figures. This paper discusses the Messiah, the eschatological figure representing good, and the false messiah, representing evil, from the perspectives of Christianity and Islam. It attempts to compare and analyze in depth the concepts of the Messiah and the false messiah from Christian and Islamic perspectives in terms of their sources and historicity. Explicitly, this paper explains who and what the characteristics of the Messiah and the false messiah are that will appear towards the end of times from Christian and Islamic viewpoints. The method used in this paper is library research with a descriptive-qualitative approach. The results of this paper include that both Christianity and Islam recognize Jesus Christ or Isa Al-Masih as the messianic figure who will come towards the end of times. However, in the Islamic perspective, there is another figure associated as the messiah, namely Imam Mahdi. As for the false messiah, there are differences where Christianity associates it with the Antichrist and Islam with Dajjal, each having different characteristics and features. Regarding the discourse on the false messiah in both Christianity and Islam, it is highly interpretative. However, one thing is certain, he is recognized as a great deceiver.

Interelasi Argumen-Argumen dan Kritik Tentang Eksistensi Tuhan dengan Religiositas Manusia Muhtar, Mohamad Khusnial
Divinitas Jurnal Filsafat dan Teologi Kontekstual Vol 2, No 2 (2024): Divinitas July
Publisher : Fakultas Teologi, Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/div.v2i2.8034

Humans as Homo religiosus, driven by their intellectual instincts, often revisit questions about the existence of God. The presence of religious doctrines that encourage humans to contemplate more about God’s creation rather than His essence raises the question of whether there is still an interrelation between discussions on divinity and human religiosity when that is pursued. This study investigates the arguments for God’s existence, the critiques of these arguments, and their interrelation with human religiosity. The aim is to clarify the understanding of human religiosity while creating a space for critical and in-depth dialogue. This research employs a library research method, gathering data from books, journal articles, and other relevant literature. A philosophical approach and qualitative analysis techniques are used. The findings of this article, include: First, the arguments for God’s existence, whether apriori or aposteriori, each face unavoidable criticisms. These arguments are efforts to justify faith within religiosity. Second, the critiques, in the context of Homo religiosus, provide opportunities to reflect and reassess understanding of God and related beliefs. Third, the inconsistencies or incompleteness in arguments for God’s existence reflect the nature of knowledge and reality that can be understood as consistent and complete at the same time if only at a higher level of infinity. The limitations within each available argument can be understood as something that drives self-awareness toward a more inclusive and profound level of religiosity.Abstrak Eksistensi Tuhan merupakan salah satu topik dalam kajian filsafat yang tak pernah selesai diperbincangkan. Terdapat berbagai macam argumen dari para filsuf tentang eksistensi Tuhan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengulas kritik atas argumen-argumen yang berkaitan dengan eksistensi Tuhan yang datang kemudian. Pertanyaan menarik seputar kajian tentang Tuhan mencakup: bagaimanakah argumen-argumen terkait eksistensi Tuhan? Apakah argumen-argumen tersebut dapat menunjukkan atau bahkan membuktikan eksistensi Tuhan? Seiring berkembangnya zaman, adakah kritik yang menyangga argumen-argumen tersebut? Artikel ini menggunakan metode library research dengan pendekatan filosofis untuk membahas hal tersebut. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini mencakup: (1) argumen ontologis yang menjelaskan eksistensi Tuhan berdasarkan definisinya tidak lebih dari akrobat logika, (2) argumen kosmologis yang menunjukkan bahwa penciptaan alam semesta serta gerak alam bermula dari satu muasal mengandung inkonsistensi dan tidak koresponden, (3) argumen teleologis didasarkan pada Tuhan sebagai pengatur dan perencana yang luar biasa merupakan over generalisasi, (4) argumen moral yang menjelaskan bahwa Tuhan harus adanya, mengandung asumsi yang dipaksakan terhadap realitas dan inkoheren dengan makna eksistensi. Kemudian, (5) argumen taruhan hanya didasarkan pada upaya pragmatis menghadapi problem Tuhan dan (6) argumen pengalaman religius didasarkan pada subjektivitas yang tidak dapat diuji dan diverifikasi. Semua argumen yang ada cenderung berupa simplifikasi atau over generalisasi, sehingga belum menunjukkan dan membuktikan secara kuat akan eksistensi Tuhan.

Bima Suci and the Modern Human Existential Crisis: A Philosophical Study of Ki Manteb Sudarsono’s Wayang Kulit Performance Muhtar, Mohamad Khusnial; Yohanes Mai, Adrianus
Sutasoma : Jurnal Sastra Jawa Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): Sutasoma: Jurnal Sastra Jawa
Publisher : Program Studi Sastra Jawa, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/sjsj.v13i2.25317

Amid the identity crisis of modern humans due to the dominance of digital culture and globalization, the wayang kulit performance of Bima Suci by Ki Manteb Sudarsono presents a sustained philosophical reflection on the meaning of life, an epistemology of praxis, and spiritual transformation. This study aims to analyze the philosophical meaning contained in the play using qualitative methods and a systematic-reflective philosophical approach. Primary data derive from a video documentation of Ki Manteb’s performance on the Donkgedank YouTube channel (2018), supplemented by Javanese philosophical literature and relevant scholarship. The findings demonstrate that this performance highlights the teachings of Sangkan Paraning Dumadi (the origin and ultimate purpose of existence), an epistemology of praxis (knowledge gained through lived experience), and Bratasena’s transformation into a spiritually mature self. This philosophical message is particularly relevant for modern humans facing existential alienation in the digital era, suggesting that wayang kulit serves not merely as a spectacle but as a contemplative medium for rediscovering an authentic sense of self.

Transhumanisme Kurzweil dan Buddhisme Mahāyāna: Studi Komparatif Hakikat Diri, Kesadaran, dan Keselamatan Muhtar, Mohamad Khusnial
PATISAMBHIDA : Jurnal Pemikiran Buddha dan Filsafat Agama Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): PATISAMBHIDA - Jurnal Pemikiran Buddha dan Filsafat Agama
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Raden Wijaya Wonogiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53565/patisambhida.v6i2.1875

Perkembangan teknologi mutakhir, khususnya kecerdasan buatan dan integrasi otak-komputer, menandai pergeseran cara manusia memahami dan merekayasa eksistensinya. Gagasan transhumanisme yang dipelopori Ray Kurzweil menjadi salah satu wacana sentral dalam arus perubahan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan konsep hakikat diri, kesadaran, dan keselamatan dalam pandangan transhumanisme Kurzweil dan Buddhisme Mahāyāna. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap karya-karya utama Kurzweil dan teks-teks otoritatif Mahāyāna, terutama Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, dan dianalisis dengan teknik analisis komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kurzweil memandang diri sebagai pola informasi yang dapat disalin, kesadaran sebagai hasil emergen pemrosesan digital, dan keselamatan sebagai keberlanjutan eksistensi melalui mind uploading. Sementara Mahāyāna melihat diri sebagai kosong dari esensi (śūnyatā), kesadaran sebagai arus non-substansial (vijñāna), dan keselamatan sebagai pembebasan dari keterikatan melalui pencerahan. Meskipun keduanya sama-sama mengusung semangat transformatif, pendekatan Kurzweil bersifat teknologis-material, sedangkan Mahāyāna bersifat kontemplatif-eksistensial. Penelitian ini menyiratkan pentingnya membangun dialog kritis antara filsafat teknologi dan tradisi spiritual sebagai bekal menavigasi masa depan kemanusiaan.

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