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All Journal Review of International Relations (Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hubungan Internasional) Indonesian Journal of Global Discourse KENDALI: Economics and Social Humanities
Rizki, Kurnia Zulhandayani
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Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Upaya Tiongkok Untuk Menjaga Hubungan Bilateral Dengan Jerman Melalui Diplomasi Panda Khairur Rizki; Tartila , Dina; Rizki, Kurnia Zulhandayani
Review of International Relations Vol 6 No 1 (2024): Review of International Relations (Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hubungan Internasional)
Publisher : UIN ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/rir.v6i1.32740

Abstract

This research examines the borrowing of pandas by China as a diplomatic effort and the image of the country. Therefore, when pandas began to become a profitable commodity, China began lending pandas for conservation in various countries accompanied by several agreements, one of which was with Germany. The use of pandas as a diplomatic tool to Germany has been carried out by China from 1980 to 2017. During this time, the two countries have produced a crucial panda loan agreement. This study aims to question the extent to which pandas can maintain relations between China and Germany. To explain the implementation of China's panda diplomacy in Germany, the author uses the soft power proposed by Joseph Nye Jr. and the concept of bilateral relations. Based on the concept of soft power, the author uses three indicators, namely culture, political institutions, and foreign policy. This research is a descriptive study, where the results show that panda diplomacy is able to maintain bilateral relations between China and Germany.
ASIAN INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BANK’S ROLE IN BUILDING SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE MANDALIKA SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN CENTRAL LOMBOK, WEST NUSA TENGGARA Sirwan Yazid Bustami; Rizki, Kurnia Zulhandayani; Asyidiqi, Hasbi; Makhroja, Mega Nisfa
KENDALI: Economics and Social Humanities Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): KENDALI: Economics and Social Sciences Humanities.
Publisher : ASIAN PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58738/kendali.v4i1.740

Abstract

The research aims to examine the role and contribution of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) in building sustainable infrastructure in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (Mandalika SEZ) to meet sustainable development goals in Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. It uses a qualitative approach with an analytical descriptive method. The research process was carried out through several stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data collection was obtained through interviews and a literature study. Meanwhile, data reduction was conducted by reviewing the data collected to be selected in accordance with the research topic. Furthermore, the data presentation was performed in a narrative form. Finally, conclusion drawing was carried out according to elaboration of the concepts of multilateral development banks (MDBs), sustainable infrastructure, and sustainable development goals (SDGs). Based on the research results, AIIB has a key role in sustainable infrastructure development in Mandalika SEZ in terms of financing infrastructure development, providing technical assistance, and enhancing the management capacity of infrastructure development. Through its roles, AIIB contributes to achievement of a sustainable infrastructure development in the Mandalika SEZ. The achievement of a sustainable infrastructure development is influenced by a number of factors, namely effective public participation and consultation; alignment of project objectives with stakeholder needs; transparency and responsible decision-making mechanisms; adequate compensation and resettlement policies; green technology innovation; and government support, green incentive policies, and training programs. AIIB’s role in a sustainable infrastructure development has an impact on achieving the goals of the SDGs development pillars including social development pillar, environmental development pillar, economic development pillar, and law and governance development pillar.
Norms without Power? Evaluating ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific’s Role in Shaping the Indo-Pacific Anam, Syaiful; Asyidiqi, Hasbi; Rizki, Kurnia Zulhandayani; Munir, Ahmad Mubarak
Indonesian Journal of Global Discourse Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : The Department of International Relations Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ijgd.v7i2.172

Abstract

ABSTRAK Tulisan ini mengkaji secara kritis ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP) sebagai kerangka normatif yang merumuskan visi ASEAN terhadap tatanan kawasan yang inklusif, berbasis aturan, dan kooperatif di tengah memanasnya rivalitas kekuatan besar. Dengan menggunakan teori konstruktivisme dan model norm life cycle yang dikembangkan oleh Finnemore dan Sikkink, studi ini menilai peran AOIP sebagai bentuk norm entrepreneurship serta stagnasinya dalam fase awal kemunculan norma. Melalui analisis konten dan wacana terhadap dokumen AOIP, deklarasi KTT, dan respons negara anggota, makalah ini menunjukkan bahwa berbagai keterbatasan struktural ASEAN, seperti pengambilan keputusan berbasis konsensus, kelemahan institusional, dan perbedaan politik internal, menghambat operasionalisasi prinsip-prinsip AOIP. Meskipun mendapatkan dukungan retoris dari ASEAN dan mitra eksternal, AOIP tidak memiliki mekanisme penegakan yang efektif, landasan institusional yang kuat, maupun kemauan politik kolektif, sehingga menjadikannya sebagai “norma tanpa kekuatan.” Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa agar AOIP dapat berkembang menjadi kerangka kerja yang lebih berdampak, ASEAN perlu mengadopsi pendekatan institusionalisasi secara bertahap, memberdayakan norm entrepreneurs, dan membangun kemitraan strategis dengan aktor eksternal yang sejalan. Pada akhirnya, riset ini menyoroti janji sekaligus keterbatasan dari agensi normatif dalam tata kelola kawasan, serta menekankan tantangan ASEAN dalam menavigasi antara wacana aspiratif dan realitas geopolitik. Kata kunci: ASEAN, Indo-Pasifik, AOIP, konstruktivisme, norm entrepreneurship, tatanan kawasan, norm life cycle, institusionalisasi, kekuatan normatif.
Co-Authors Asyidiqi, Hasbi Khairur Rizki Makhroja, Mega Nisfa Munir, Ahmad Mubarak Sirwan Yazid Bustami Syaiful Anam Tartila , Dina