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All Journal Jurnal Asy-Syari'ah Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Al-Afaq: Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi
Ahmad Syifaul Anam
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Religion Arts Humanities Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Physics Social Sciences Other

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Scientific Analysis of Evaluating the Methodology of Confirming Hilal Observing Reports in Determining the Beginning of the Hijri Month Faizah, Nur Faizah; Ahmad Syifaul Anam
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): Juni 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The report of hilal rukyat observation has an important role in determining the beginning of the Kamariah month, especially the months of Ramadan, Shawwal, and Zulhijah. To avoid doubts about Hilal witness reports, a methodology is needed that can scientifically confirm the results of observers' witnesses. This research proposes the concept of methodology for confirming Hilal observation reports based on science by considering astrophysical elements such as atmospheric extinction, atmospheric pollution, sky and moon brightness, and sensitivity (acuity) of the human eye when reporting Hilal observations. This research uses a descriptive method to describe the situation that occurs in the field and uses a statistical approach to present the results of data analysis to support the framework. The results showed that computations were performed to test the validity of Hilal observation reports by referring to three components: source, link, and receiver. A methodology was developed as criteria in confirming Hilal witness reports, including reproducibility of observations, consistency with astronomical data, and validation by Falak authorities. The critical analysis involved a review of the literature on Hilal witness confirmation, an evaluation of the accuracy of the observer's rukyat with astronomical data, and an examination of the validity of the methods used.
Reconstruction of Moon Phases and Period in The Book of Enoch on Islamic Astronomy Perspective Azkarrula, Youla Afifah; Anam, Ahmad Syifaul
Asy-Syari'ah Vol 26, No 1 (2024): Asy-Syari'ah
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University of Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/as.v26i1.35595

Abstract

Abstract: The Book of Enoch presents an explanation of Moon in a different way when compared to many ancient manuscripts. The periods of the Moon associated with the Moon phases are illustrated in a unique way that, in first glance, requires a deep understanding. This explanation is different with what science has explained nowadays. To begin with, the previous research of this subject on the Book of Enoch is out to dated. Therefore, this research conducts a new approach to examine the Book of Enoch using Islamic perspective where this study is rare to conduct. This study utilizes qualitative research with content analysis to gain the answer in depth. This research also uses triangulation method to investigate the data and obtain the validity of the results. Overall, the Moon phase in the Book of Enoch has the same understanding as the modern science. The Book of Enoch describes implicitly the appearance of Moon in the northern hemisphere. The explanation of Enoch lunar-day in each month is followed by the Urfi Islamic calendar. Then the statement about “once the month is 28-day” is based on the using of Callippic cycle in Charles opinion while in the author’s opinion that the Book of Enoch shows the sidereal month cycle. In addition, the theory which has been adopted by Islamic astronomy has a strong relationship with this manuscript since it is believed that this manuscript is attributed to Prophet Enoch or Idris. Abstrak: Kitab Henokh menyajikan penjelasan tentang Bulan dengan cara yang berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan banyak naskah kuno. Periode Bulan yang terkait dengan fase Bulan diilustrasikan dengan cara yang unik sehingga sekilas memerlukan pemahaman yang mendalam. Penjelasan ini berbeda dengan penjelasan ilmu pengetahuan saat ini. Pertama-tama, penelitian sebelumnya mengenai subjek Kitab Henokh ini sudah ketinggalan zaman. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini melakukan pendekatan baru untuk mengkaji Kitab Henokh dengan menggunakan perspektif Islam dimana penelitian ini jarang dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis isi untuk memperoleh jawaban secara mendalam. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode triangulasi untuk menyelidiki data dan memperoleh keabsahan hasil. Secara keseluruhan, fase Bulan dalam Kitab Henokh mempunyai pemahaman yang sama dengan ilmu pengetahuan modern. Kitab Henokh menggambarkan secara implisit penampakan Bulan di belahan bumi utara. Penjelasan hari lunar Henokh di setiap bulannya diikuti dengan penanggalan Islam Urfi. Kemudian pernyataan “satu bulan ada 28 hari” didasarkan pada penggunaan siklus Callippic menurut pendapat Charles sedangkan menurut pendapat penulis Kitab Henokh menunjukkan siklus bulan sidereal. Selain itu, teori yang dianut oleh ilmu astronomi Islam mempunyai kaitan erat dengan naskah ini karena diyakini naskah ini milik Nabi Henokh atau Idris.
Territory, Hilāl, and Sovereignty: Revisiting Indonesia’s Maṭla’ under MABIMS’ New Criteria Arisafitri, Novi; Imron, Ali; Syifaul Anam, Ahmad; Darliswanto
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2025.7.1.25278

Abstract

Differences in determining the start of the lunar month often spark polemics due to varying methods, schools of thought, and interpretations of maṭla’. Indonesia adopts a territorial-based maṭla’, yet inconsistencies remain in how its geographical boundaries are applied. Law No. 43/2008 defines Indonesia’s territory as including land, sea, and air, raising questions about the ideal scope of maṭla’ under the MABIMS Neo Visibility Criteria and its legal status. This qualitative study uses library research and expert interviews, analyzed through Islamic legal principles (ijtihād istiṣlāhī) and a juridical-normative framework. Findings show that Indonesia’s maṭla’ ideally includes all sovereign areas-land, inland waters, archipelagic waters, and territorial seas. From a syar’i perspective, crescent sightings at sea are valid; hence, lunar calculations should reflect land and maritime zones under national jurisdiction.
Scientific Analysis of Evaluating the Methodology of Confirming Hilal Observing Reports in Determining the Beginning of the Hijri Month Faizah, Nur Faizah; Ahmad Syifaul Anam
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): Juni 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v6i1.9876

Abstract

The report of hilal rukyat observation has an important role in determining the beginning of the Kamariah month, especially the months of Ramadan, Shawwal, and Zulhijah. To avoid doubts about Hilal witness reports, a methodology is needed that can scientifically confirm the results of observers' witnesses. This research proposes the concept of methodology for confirming Hilal observation reports based on science by considering astrophysical elements such as atmospheric extinction, atmospheric pollution, sky and moon brightness, and sensitivity (acuity) of the human eye when reporting Hilal observations. This research uses a descriptive method to describe the situation that occurs in the field and uses a statistical approach to present the results of data analysis to support the framework. The results showed that computations were performed to test the validity of Hilal observation reports by referring to three components: source, link, and receiver. A methodology was developed as criteria in confirming Hilal witness reports, including reproducibility of observations, consistency with astronomical data, and validation by Falak authorities. The critical analysis involved a review of the literature on Hilal witness confirmation, an evaluation of the accuracy of the observer's rukyat with astronomical data, and an examination of the validity of the methods used.
Reconstruction of Moon Phases and Period in The Book of Enoch on Islamic Astronomy Perspective Azkarrula, Youla Afifah; Anam, Ahmad Syifaul
Asy-Syari'ah Vol. 26 No. 1 (2024): Asy-Syari'ah
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University of Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/as.v26i1.35595

Abstract

Abstract: The Book of Enoch presents an explanation of Moon in a different way when compared to many ancient manuscripts. The periods of the Moon associated with the Moon phases are illustrated in a unique way that, in first glance, requires a deep understanding. This explanation is different with what science has explained nowadays. To begin with, the previous research of this subject on the Book of Enoch is out to dated. Therefore, this research conducts a new approach to examine the Book of Enoch using Islamic perspective where this study is rare to conduct. This study utilizes qualitative research with content analysis to gain the answer in depth. This research also uses triangulation method to investigate the data and obtain the validity of the results. Overall, the Moon phase in the Book of Enoch has the same understanding as the modern science. The Book of Enoch describes implicitly the appearance of Moon in the northern hemisphere. The explanation of Enoch lunar-day in each month is followed by the Urfi Islamic calendar. Then the statement about “once the month is 28-day” is based on the using of Callippic cycle in Charles opinion while in the author’s opinion that the Book of Enoch shows the sidereal month cycle. In addition, the theory which has been adopted by Islamic astronomy has a strong relationship with this manuscript since it is believed that this manuscript is attributed to Prophet Enoch or Idris. Abstrak: Kitab Henokh menyajikan penjelasan tentang Bulan dengan cara yang berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan banyak naskah kuno. Periode Bulan yang terkait dengan fase Bulan diilustrasikan dengan cara yang unik sehingga sekilas memerlukan pemahaman yang mendalam. Penjelasan ini berbeda dengan penjelasan ilmu pengetahuan saat ini. Pertama-tama, penelitian sebelumnya mengenai subjek Kitab Henokh ini sudah ketinggalan zaman. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini melakukan pendekatan baru untuk mengkaji Kitab Henokh dengan menggunakan perspektif Islam dimana penelitian ini jarang dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis isi untuk memperoleh jawaban secara mendalam. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode triangulasi untuk menyelidiki data dan memperoleh keabsahan hasil. Secara keseluruhan, fase Bulan dalam Kitab Henokh mempunyai pemahaman yang sama dengan ilmu pengetahuan modern. Kitab Henokh menggambarkan secara implisit penampakan Bulan di belahan bumi utara. Penjelasan hari lunar Henokh di setiap bulannya diikuti dengan penanggalan Islam Urfi. Kemudian pernyataan “satu bulan ada 28 hari” didasarkan pada penggunaan siklus Callippic menurut pendapat Charles sedangkan menurut pendapat penulis Kitab Henokh menunjukkan siklus bulan sidereal. Selain itu, teori yang dianut oleh ilmu astronomi Islam mempunyai kaitan erat dengan naskah ini karena diyakini naskah ini milik Nabi Henokh atau Idris.
Co-Authors Ali Imron Arisafitri, Novi Azkarrula, Youla Afifah Darliswanto Faizah, Nur Faizah