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All Journal Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Jurnal EduHealth
Yona Ladyventini
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Religion Humanities Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary

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Global Cephalometric Norms for Pediatric Soft Tissue Profiles: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Racial and Ethnic Variations Asep Darya Darma Putra; Yona ladyventini; Bobby
Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v5i6.800

Abstract

The diagnostic standards in orthodontics have been historically based on Caucasian cephalometric norms, an approach that is increasingly inappropriate for a diverse global population and can lead to misdiagnosis in pediatric patients aged 9-18. This study aimed to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-analysis to establish and compare key soft tissue cephalometric estimates for pediatric populations across various major racial and ethnic groups. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted for studies published between January 2015 and August 2025. We included cross-sectional studies reporting mean and standard deviation for soft tissue cephalometric measurements in untreated adolescents from distinct ethnic groups. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled mean estimates, 95% confidence intervals (CI), and 95% prediction intervals (PI) for key parameters. The search yielded 1,842 articles; seven studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 1,240 individuals. Significant differences in pooled means were found across all parameters, with profound statistical heterogeneity. Subjects of African descent displayed the most convex facial profile (pooled mean G’-Sn-Pog’: 164.8°; 95% CI: 163.1-166.5; I²=92%). In contrast, Caucasian subjects exhibited the straightest profile (172.5°; 95% CI: 170.9-174.1). Lip prominence was greatest in the African descent group (+3.5 mm to E-line; 95% CI: 2.8-4.2; I²=91%) and retrusive in the Caucasian group (-2.1 mm; 95% CI: -2.8 to -1.4). The 95% prediction intervals were substantially wider than the confidence intervals, highlighting extensive inter-population variance. In conclusion, clinically significant variations in pediatric soft tissue profiles exist among different racial and ethnic groups. The extreme heterogeneity found in this analysis is a critical finding, suggesting that the concept of a single numerical "norm" is flawed even within broad ethnic categories. This meta-analysis provides a quantitative foundation for a more cautious, individualized diagnostic approach that respects the wide spectrum of normal human facial variation.
Dental and Craniofacial Anatomical Variations and Their Impact on Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning: A Systematic Review Sovira, Gita Dwi Jiwanda; Putri, Wulandani Liza; Yona Ladyventini
Jurnal EduHealth Vol. 16 No. 04 (2025): Jurnal EduHealt, Edition October-December , 2025
Publisher : Sean Institute

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Abstract

Background: Dental and craniofacial anatomical variations are fundamental determinants of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Variability in tooth morphology, skeletal relationships, and alveolar bone anatomy may influence biomechanical feasibility, treatment selection, and the risk of complications. Objective: This systematic review aimed to synthesize current evidence on dental and craniofacial anatomical variations and to evaluate their impact on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies published in English within the last 10 years and involving human subjects with permanent dentition were considered. Data extraction and study selection were performed independently, and findings were synthesized narratively due to methodological heterogeneity. Results: Twenty studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Dental anatomical variations, particularly root morphology and tooth anomalies, were associated with biomechanical limitations and increased risk of root resorption. Craniofacial skeletal variations influenced malocclusion patterns, growth assessment, and decisions between orthodontic camouflage and combined orthodontic surgical treatment. Alveolar bone anatomical variability defined the biological limits of orthodontic tooth movement and was closely linked to periodontal risk. 3D imaging techniques, especially cone-beam computed tomography, enhanced the identification of clinically relevant anatomical constraints. Conclusions: Dental, craniofacial, and alveolar anatomical variations play a critical role in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. An anatomy driven approach supported by appropriate imaging improves diagnostic accuracy, facilitates individualized treatment strategies, and reduces the risk of adverse outcomes. These findings support the integration of comprehensive anatomical assessment into precision orthodontic practice.
Multimodal Interactive Pedagogy for Early Caries Detection: A Short-Term Assessment of Health Literacy in Transitional Dentition Rahmi Khairani Aulia; Suci Rahmasari; Haria Fitri; Yona Ladyventini; Rahmatul Aini
Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/icejournal.v6i1.55

Abstract

Dental caries is a pervasive non-communicable disease, affecting approximately 80% of children in Indonesia. Children in the transitional dentition phase (aged 7–8 years) frequently lack awareness regarding oral health. Traditional educational models often fail to instill long-term behavioral changes. This study aims to evaluate the short-term impact of an interactive multimodal educational intervention grounded in the Health Belief Model on the early caries detection knowledge of 7-8-year-old schoolchildren in an urban middle-income setting. A quantitative pre-experimental, one-group pre-test and post-test design was utilized. A convenience sample of 57 grade 2 students from SD IT Cendikia Andalas participated. The intervention deployed tactile dental models, posters, and animated videos. The curriculum detailed anatomical function, caries etiology, early visual detection, and preventive strategies. Knowledge was measured using a validated 5-item questionnaire focusing on pathophysiology and visual cueing. Descriptive statistics included Medians and Interquartile Ranges (IQR). Hypothesis testing utilized the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The cohort demonstrated a statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge. The pre-test Median score was 4.0 (IQR: 3.0–4.0), which increased post-intervention to a Median of 5.0 (IQR: 4.0–5.0) (p < 0.001). Both female (p < 0.001) and male (p < 0.001) subgroups showed significant improvements. Identification of white spot lesions improved from 35.1% to 87.7%. In conclusion, multimodal education is associated with a significant short-term increase in early caries detection knowledge among young schoolchildren. Integrating such interactive modules into longitudinal curricula alongside parental involvement is recommended for sustained public health impact.
Co-Authors Asep Darya Darma Putra Aulia, Rahmi Khairani Bobby Gita Dwi Jiwanda Sovira Haria Fitri Rahmatul Aini SUCI RAHMASARI Wulandani Liza Putri