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All Journal Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Jurnal EduHealth Scientific Journal of Pediatrics
Yona Ladyventini
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Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Global Cephalometric Norms for Pediatric Soft Tissue Profiles: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Racial and Ethnic Variations Asep Darya Darma Putra; Yona ladyventini; Bobby
Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v5i6.800

Abstract

The diagnostic standards in orthodontics have been historically based on Caucasian cephalometric norms, an approach that is increasingly inappropriate for a diverse global population and can lead to misdiagnosis in pediatric patients aged 9-18. This study aimed to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-analysis to establish and compare key soft tissue cephalometric estimates for pediatric populations across various major racial and ethnic groups. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted for studies published between January 2015 and August 2025. We included cross-sectional studies reporting mean and standard deviation for soft tissue cephalometric measurements in untreated adolescents from distinct ethnic groups. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled mean estimates, 95% confidence intervals (CI), and 95% prediction intervals (PI) for key parameters. The search yielded 1,842 articles; seven studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 1,240 individuals. Significant differences in pooled means were found across all parameters, with profound statistical heterogeneity. Subjects of African descent displayed the most convex facial profile (pooled mean G’-Sn-Pog’: 164.8°; 95% CI: 163.1-166.5; I²=92%). In contrast, Caucasian subjects exhibited the straightest profile (172.5°; 95% CI: 170.9-174.1). Lip prominence was greatest in the African descent group (+3.5 mm to E-line; 95% CI: 2.8-4.2; I²=91%) and retrusive in the Caucasian group (-2.1 mm; 95% CI: -2.8 to -1.4). The 95% prediction intervals were substantially wider than the confidence intervals, highlighting extensive inter-population variance. In conclusion, clinically significant variations in pediatric soft tissue profiles exist among different racial and ethnic groups. The extreme heterogeneity found in this analysis is a critical finding, suggesting that the concept of a single numerical "norm" is flawed even within broad ethnic categories. This meta-analysis provides a quantitative foundation for a more cautious, individualized diagnostic approach that respects the wide spectrum of normal human facial variation.
Dental and Craniofacial Anatomical Variations and Their Impact on Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning: A Systematic Review Sovira, Gita Dwi Jiwanda; Putri, Wulandani Liza; Yona Ladyventini
Jurnal EduHealth Vol. 16 No. 04 (2025): Jurnal EduHealt, Edition October-December , 2025
Publisher : Sean Institute

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Background: Dental and craniofacial anatomical variations are fundamental determinants of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Variability in tooth morphology, skeletal relationships, and alveolar bone anatomy may influence biomechanical feasibility, treatment selection, and the risk of complications. Objective: This systematic review aimed to synthesize current evidence on dental and craniofacial anatomical variations and to evaluate their impact on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies published in English within the last 10 years and involving human subjects with permanent dentition were considered. Data extraction and study selection were performed independently, and findings were synthesized narratively due to methodological heterogeneity. Results: Twenty studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Dental anatomical variations, particularly root morphology and tooth anomalies, were associated with biomechanical limitations and increased risk of root resorption. Craniofacial skeletal variations influenced malocclusion patterns, growth assessment, and decisions between orthodontic camouflage and combined orthodontic surgical treatment. Alveolar bone anatomical variability defined the biological limits of orthodontic tooth movement and was closely linked to periodontal risk. 3D imaging techniques, especially cone-beam computed tomography, enhanced the identification of clinically relevant anatomical constraints. Conclusions: Dental, craniofacial, and alveolar anatomical variations play a critical role in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. An anatomy driven approach supported by appropriate imaging improves diagnostic accuracy, facilitates individualized treatment strategies, and reduces the risk of adverse outcomes. These findings support the integration of comprehensive anatomical assessment into precision orthodontic practice.
Effectiveness of Storytelling Versus Lecture Methods on Oral Health Knowledge in Children Aged 7–8 Years: A Quasi-Experimental Study Suci Rahmasari; Yona Ladyventini; Rahmi Khairan
Scientific Journal of Pediatrics Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Scientific Journal of Pediatrics
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjped.v3i2.251

Abstract

Introduction: Dental caries remains the most prevalent chronic disease in children worldwide, disproportionately affecting school-age populations in low- and middle-income countries. This quasi-experimental study evaluated the effectiveness of storytelling versus traditional lecture methods in improving oral health knowledge among children aged 7–8 years (mean age 7.4 ± 0.5 years) in Padang, Indonesia. Methods: A total of 110 children were enrolled and assigned to storytelling (n=55) and lecture (n=55) groups, with 108 children (54 per group) completing the study. Pre-test and post-test knowledge assessments were conducted using a validated 15-item questionnaire (Content Validity Index = 0.87, Cronbach’s α = 0.73). Results: The storytelling group demonstrated a significant mean score increase of +1.28 points (95% CI: 0.97–1.59, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.12), while the lecture group showed a non-significant gain of +0.35 points (95% CI: -0.13 to 0.83, p = 0.152, Cohen’s d = 0.22). Post-intervention, 83.3% of the storytelling group achieved “good” knowledge levels compared to 51.9% in the lecture group (OR = 4.66, 95% CI: 1.88–11.54, p < 0.001; NNT = 3.2). Children with lower baseline knowledge benefited most from storytelling (r = 0.51, p < 0.010). Children perceived storytelling as more enjoyable (92.6% vs 51.9%), easier to understand (88.9% vs 59.3%), and more motivating for oral hygiene practice (81.5% vs 50.0%). Conclusion: Storytelling was significantly more effective than lectures in enhancing oral health knowledge, particularly among children with limited baseline understanding, supporting its implementation as a school-based oral health promotion strategy.
Co-Authors Asep Darya Darma Putra Bobby Gita Dwi Jiwanda Sovira Rahmi Khairan Suci Rahmasari Wulandani Liza Putri