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Determination of the Optimum Hydraulic Retention Time in Two-Stage Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Bioreactor for Landfill Leachate Treatment Prasetyo, Eli; Sudibyo, Hanifrahmawan; Budhijanto, Wiratni
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 49, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Leachate in Indonesian landfill sites poses a high risk to the surrounding environment should there be leakage in the accumulating ponds. Anaerobic digestion is an attractive option to clean up leachate, mostly due to the affordability of its operational cost. To enhance the efficiency of leachate digestion, anaerobic microbes were immobilized on the surface of natural zeolite powder. The powder was fluidized in a mesophilic anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) for more stable biofilm formation. The AFBR scheme was split into two stages, with the first stage dominated by the acidogenic process and the second stage dominated by the methanogenic process. The dominating microbes in each stage were provoked by pH control to maintain the first stage acidic at pH 5-5.5 and the second stage neutral at pH 7-7.5. The first stage was run at five different hydraulic retention times (HRTs), while the second stage was run at three different HRTs to determine the optimum HRT for each stage. For acidogenic AFBR with HRTs of 5 days and 2.5 days, the VFA concentration profile increased for a longer period compared to the other HRTs. The COD removal efficiency at steady state was almost identical for all HRTs. For methanogenic AFBR, all three HRTs showed an identical rate of biogas formation at steady state.

The Impact of Hydraulic Retention Time on the Biomethane Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) in Two-Stage Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor Ramadhani, Laily Isna; Damayanti, Sri Ismiyati; Sudibyo, Hanifrahmawan; Azis, Muhammad Mufti; Budhijanto, Wiratni
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 10, No 1 (2021): February 2021
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2021.20639

Indonesia is currently the most significant crude palm oil (CPO) producer in the world. In the production ofCPO, 0.7m3 of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is emitted as the wastewater for every ton of fresh fruit bunches processed in the palm oil mill.With the increasing amount of CPO production, an effective POME treatment system is urgently required to prevent severe environmental damage. The high organic content in the POME is a potential substrate forbio-methane production. The biomethane production is carried out by two groups of microbes, i.e., acidogenic and methanogenic microbes. Each group of bacteria performs optimally at different optimum conditions. To optimize the biomethane production, POME was treated sequentially by separating the acidogenic and methanogenic microbes into two stages of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBR). The steps were optimized differently according to the favorable conditions of each group of bacteria. Although perfect separation cannot be achieved, this study showed that pH control could split the domination of the bacteria, i.e., the first stage (maintained at pH 4-5) was dominated by the acidogenic microbes and the second stage (kept neutral) was governed by methanogens. In addition to the pH control, natural zeolitewas added as microbial immobilization media in the AFBR to improve the performance of the microorganisms, especially in preventing microbial wash out at short hydraulic retention time (HRT). This study was focused on the understanding of the effect of HRT on the performance of steady-state continuous AFBR. The first stage as the acidogenic reactorwas rununder acidic conditions (pH 4-5) at five different HRTs. In comparison, the second stage as the methanogenic reactorwasrun under the neutral condition at four different HRTs. In this work,short HRT (5 days) resulted in better performance in both acidogenic AFBR and methanogenic AFBR. The immobilization media was hence essential to reduce the risk of washout at such a short HRT. The two-stage system also resulted in quite a high percentage of soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) removal, which was as much as 96.06%sCOD.

Determination of the Optimum Hydraulic Retention Time in Two-Stage Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Bioreactor for Landfill Leachate Treatment Eli Prasetyo; Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo; Wiratni Budhijanto
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 49 No. 3 (2017)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2017.49.3.7

Leachate in Indonesian landfill sites poses a high risk to the surrounding environment should there be leakage in the accumulating ponds. Anaerobic digestion is an attractive option to clean up leachate, mostly due to the affordability of its operational cost. To enhance the efficiency of leachate digestion, anaerobic microbes were immobilized on the surface of natural zeolite powder. The powder was fluidized in a mesophilic anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) for more stable biofilm formation. The AFBR scheme was split into two stages, with the first stage dominated by the acidogenic process and the second stage dominated by the methanogenic process. The dominating microbes in each stage were provoked by pH control to maintain the first stage acidic at pH 5-5.5 and the second stage neutral at pH 7-7.5. The first stage was run at five different hydraulic retention times (HRTs), while the second stage was run at three different HRTs to determine the optimum HRT for each stage. For acidogenic AFBR with HRTs of 5 days and 2.5 days, the VFA concentration profile increased for a longer period compared to the other HRTs. The COD removal efficiency at steady state was almost identical for all HRTs. For methanogenic AFBR, all three HRTs showed an identical rate of biogas formation at steady state.

BIOSINTESIS ASAM LEMAK OMEGA-3 DARI PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME) MELALUI PROSES ANAEROBIK DENGAN MIKROAERASI Indira Salsabilla Ayuwibowo; Annisa Karunia; Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo; Wiratni Budhijanto
JURNAL KONVERSI Vol 7, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Palm oil is one of Indonesia's leading export commodities. By 2020, the target of crude palm oil (CPO) production in Indonesia is 30 million tons. It is predicted that such production target is accompanied by a consequence of palm oil mill effluent (POME) emission as waste water, which will reach 90 million tons of POME waste per year. POME has high organic content which are characterized as chemical oxygen demand (COD) values, which ranges from 50,000 - 200,000 mg / L and pH values ranges from 4-4.5. Untreated POME is a serious environmental problem and therefore POME processing is urgently needed. One of the ideas is converting POME into more valuable products, by biosynthesis of omega-3 fatty acids from POME with anaerobic processes. The common product collected from anaerobic digestion is biogas. This study, however, intended to stop the process in the intermediate product, which is a series of organic acids, without biogas formation. The study aimed to explore the effect of controlled air injection in anaerobic processes on acid productions as the intermediate product in anaerobic digestion. The result showed that limited air injection (microaeration) improved process performance, especially with respect to acid production. Whereas through GC-FID analysis, the profile of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids was obtained. The acids have the potential to produce omega-3 fatty acids such as the appearance of nervoic, cis-eicosadienoic, cis-eicosapentanoic, and linolenic acids, with the peak of appearance occurring at different process durations. This preliminary study indicated that the biosynthesis of omega-3 fatty acids from POME through the anaerobic process was possible to be carried out but further study would be needed for process optimization.

Problem Solving of Isopropyl Alcohol – Water Azeotropic Characteristics Using Packed (Natural Zeolite) Bed Adsorber Laras Prasakti; Muhammad Hartono; Pandu Prabowo Jati; Muhammad Fajar Setiaji; Sang Kompiang Wirawan; Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 37 No. 1 (2020): Earth, Water & Fire
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29037/ajstd.611

The adsorption kinetics of water from an azeotropic mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water using chemically activated natural zeolites with and without a binder (starch) was investigated. In addition, an investigation of the compressive strength of zeolite pellets was conducted to ascertain the performance of the adsorbent for long-term operation. Three parameters were applied in the zeolite-making process: the particle size of zeolite (20, 30, 50, and 80 mesh), the sintering temperature (550, 750, and 1,000°C), the compaction pressure (2, 4, and 6 tonnes), and the starch-to-zeolite weight ratio (0, 1:3, 1:5, and 1:7). Initial screenings indicated that the strongest zeolite pellet was 80-mesh zeolite powder (without starch addition) that was compacted using 6 tonnes pressure and was sintered at 750°C. The adsorption tests using the strongest zeolite were conducted in a packed-bed column for three cycles, followed by compressive strength tests on the zeolite pellets after each cycle. According to the experimental data, zeolite pellets made without the addition of starch could adsorb up to 98.4% of the initial water in the mixture. From the four models proposed to describe the kinetics of adsorption of water from the mixture, the Freundlich model turned out to be the best model.

A Catalyst Reusability Study in Palm Fatty Acid Distillate and Glycerol Esterification using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Reaction Kinetics Approach Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo; Febbie Setyaningrum; Rochmadi; Mohammad Fahrurrozi
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 37 No. 2 (2020): The Perennial Quest
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29037/ajstd.612

As a byproduct of the physical refinement of crude palm oil, palm fatty acid distillate or PFAD has a potential to be transformed into monoglycerides by means of irreversible esterification with glycerol over a cation exchange resin catalyst. Irreversibility of the esterification can be assured by continuous azeotropic removal of water by adding xylene as an entrainer. Because PFAD-glycerol esterification demands high temperatures for fast conversion and high selectivity of monoglycerides, it is necessary to test catalyst reusability performance. In this research, evaluation of catalyst reusability performance was based on five parameters: free fatty acid conversion, the rate of free fatty acid decomposition, the selectivity of monoglycerides, monoglyceride concentration, and the cation exchange capacity of the catalyst. The cation exchange resin used was Tulsion T-42 SM. The evaluation was conducted using the simple multi-attribute rating technique extended to ranking (SMARTER) method. The results showed that the optimum reaction temperature was 180°C. Ultimately, a kinetic study at 180°C was also performed to model the reaction after using similar catalysts for certain times. This kinetic study revealed that the reaction mechanism changed from Langmuir-Hinshelwood to Eley-Rideal after several cycles of catalyst reuse.

Evaluation of double-stage Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR) for digestion of leachate: correlation of kinetic parameter with operational condition and process Prastyo, Elli; Budhijanto, Wiratni; Sudibyo, Hanifrahmawan
SINERGI Vol 29, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.2.013

The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of using an advanced fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) of a double column configuration in breaking down leachate into biogas. The relationship of the kinetic parameters with the operating conditions and the performance of the double-column reactor during anaerobic digestion was examined. The substrate concentration, microorganism population, hydraulic retention time value, growth rate, and death rate of microorganisms were employed as reference points for evaluating anaerobic digestion performance and assessing the operating conditions. The results demonstrated that there was no notable correlation between the formation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the acidogenic reactor (R1), the degradation of VFA in the methanogen reactor (R2), and the methane production rate in the methanogen reactor (R2). The simulation results for VFA formation (dCVFA1/dt) and VFA degradation (dcVFA2/dt) exhibited a tendency to overestimate when operated at low HRT and underestimate at short HRT compared to the experimental results. The steady state of the simulation results exhibited a faster rate of progression than the experimental outcomes. The fitting data for Ksx1 and Ksx2 predominantly comprise dynamically evolving values that exert an influence upon um1 and um1, as well as kd1 and kd2, when the reactor is operated in continuous mode. Furthermore, the factors of inhibitor compounds and microorganism adaptation were not observed across all HRT values in this investigation.

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