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The Impact of Hydraulic Retention Time on the Biomethane Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) in Two-Stage Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor Ramadhani, Laily Isna; Damayanti, Sri Ismiyati; Sudibyo, Hanifrahmawan; Azis, Muhammad Mufti; Budhijanto, Wiratni
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 10, No 1 (2021): February 2021
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2021.20639

Indonesia is currently the most significant crude palm oil (CPO) producer in the world. In the production ofCPO, 0.7m3 of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is emitted as the wastewater for every ton of fresh fruit bunches processed in the palm oil mill.With the increasing amount of CPO production, an effective POME treatment system is urgently required to prevent severe environmental damage. The high organic content in the POME is a potential substrate forbio-methane production. The biomethane production is carried out by two groups of microbes, i.e., acidogenic and methanogenic microbes. Each group of bacteria performs optimally at different optimum conditions. To optimize the biomethane production, POME was treated sequentially by separating the acidogenic and methanogenic microbes into two stages of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBR). The steps were optimized differently according to the favorable conditions of each group of bacteria. Although perfect separation cannot be achieved, this study showed that pH control could split the domination of the bacteria, i.e., the first stage (maintained at pH 4-5) was dominated by the acidogenic microbes and the second stage (kept neutral) was governed by methanogens. In addition to the pH control, natural zeolitewas added as microbial immobilization media in the AFBR to improve the performance of the microorganisms, especially in preventing microbial wash out at short hydraulic retention time (HRT). This study was focused on the understanding of the effect of HRT on the performance of steady-state continuous AFBR. The first stage as the acidogenic reactorwas rununder acidic conditions (pH 4-5) at five different HRTs. In comparison, the second stage as the methanogenic reactorwasrun under the neutral condition at four different HRTs. In this work,short HRT (5 days) resulted in better performance in both acidogenic AFBR and methanogenic AFBR. The immobilization media was hence essential to reduce the risk of washout at such a short HRT. The two-stage system also resulted in quite a high percentage of soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) removal, which was as much as 96.06%sCOD.

Efektivitas Biji Kelor sebagai Koagulan Alami pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Tahu Melalui Proses Anaerobik-Aerobik Laily Isna Ramadhani; Yurike Dwiayu Rahmaningsi; Nanda Ravenia Amanda; Herawati Budiastuti
Fluida Vol 13 No 1 (2020): FLUIDA
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v13i1.2060

ABSTRAK Limbah cair tahu merupakan salah satu limbah cair dengan kandungan organik yang tinggi dan berpotensi merusak lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan dua metode pengolahan dengan mengkombinasikan metode pengolahan biologi dan proses koagulasi-flokulasi menggunakan koagulan alami, biji kelor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh dosis dan ukuran partikel koagulan terbaik. Dosis biji kelor divariasikan dari 1.000, 2.000, 3.000, dan 4.000 ppm. Dosis terbaik digunakan untuk menentukan ukuran partikel koagulan terbaik dengan variasi ukuran 250, 500, 1.000, dan 2.000 µm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis biji kelor terbaik untuk metode 1 (aerobik dan koagulasi flokulasi) adalah 2.000 ppm dan untuk metode 2 (kombinasi anaerobik-aerobik dan koagulasi flokulasi) adalah 4.000 ppm. Ukuran partikel terbaik yaitu 500 µm untuk kedua metode dengan efisiensi penurunan kekeruhan sebesar 94,57% untuk efluen metode 1 dan 78,28% untuk efluen metode 2. Kata kunci: Limbah cair tahu, biji kelor,koagulan alami, koagulasi- flokulasi ABSTRACT Tofu wastewater is one of the pollutant wastewater that potentially cause the serious damage to the environment due to its high organic content. The combination of biology method in the help of microorganism and coagulation-flocculation method using kelor seed were applied in this study. This research aims were determining the best dose and the optimum size of coagulant. Doses variation were 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 and 4,000 ppm of coagulant. The best dose resulted would be used to determine the optimum size of coagulant by variating 250, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 µm. The result showed that 2,000 ppm was the best coagulant dose for the first method (aerobic and coagulation-flocculation method) and 4,000 ppm was the optimum dose for the second method (combination of anaerobic-aerobic and coagulation-flocculation method). 500 µm was determined as the optimum particle size of the coagulant for both methods with % removal turbidity level were 94,57% for the first method and 78,28% for the second method. Keywords:Tofu wastewater, kelor seed, natural coagulant, coagulation-flocculation

Formulasi Obat Kumur Ekstrak Daun Leunca (Solanum nigrum L.) dan Uji Aktivitasnya Terhadap Streptococcus mutans Vini Ivania Pardeny; Affifah Asri Afiani; Alyanissa Nurfadiya; Sabinna Azahra Suleman; Laily Isna Ramadhani
Fluida Vol 15 No 1 (2022): FLUIDA
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v15i1.3507

ABSTRAK Kesehatan mulut yang terjaga dapat membantu terhindar dari berbagai penyakit. Salah satunya menghindari karies gigi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Daun leunca memiliki kandungan antibakteri dan antiinflamasi seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, saponin, tanin dan minyak atsiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan ekstrak daun leunca (Solanum nigrum L.) sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan obat kumur herbal serta menguji stabilitas fisiknya. Ekstrak daun leunca diperoleh dari proses ekstraksi maserasi dengan etanol 96%. Obat kumur dibuat dalam 3 formula yaitu F1, F2 dan F3 dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi ekstrak daun leunca sebanyak 1,5%, 2%, dan 3% lalu dievaluasi fisik meliputi uji organoleptis, uji pH, uji viskositas, dan uji antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus mutans. Diperoleh formulasi obat kumur terbaik pada F3 setelah pengujian selama 4 minggu memiliki stabilitas fisik yang baik, serta paling efektif sebagai antibakteri dibandingkan dengan F1, F2 dan obat kumur komersial. ABSTRACT The healthy and clean mouth is very important to avoid any diseases infection. One of them is preventing the dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Leunca leaves have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory contents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins and essential oils. This research aims to formulate leunca leaf extract (Solanum nigrum L.) as the basic ingredient in the making of herbal mouthwashes with its physical stability were being tested. The leunca leaf extract was obtained from the extraction process of maceration with 96% ethanol. The herbal mouthwash was made in 3 formulas namely F1, F2 and F3 by varying the concentration of leunca leaf extract from 1.5%, 2%, and 3% then to be evaluated physically including organoleptis test, pH test, viscosity test, and antibacterial test against Streptococcus mutans. The best mouthwash formulation was obtained as F3 which has the good physical stability testing after 4 weeks, and being the most effective antibacterial formula compared to F1, F2 and the commercial mouthwash.

Tofu Wastewater Treatment by using Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) with Variation of Feeding Rates Herawati Budiastuti; Ririn Rismawati; Luthfiana Nurfauziah; Laily Isna Ramadhani; Emma Hermawati Muhari
Rekayasa Hijau : Jurnal Teknologi Ramah Lingkungan Vol 5, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/jrh.v5i3.197-206

ABSTRAKLimbah cair tahu dari industri tahu di Kabupaten Bandung Barat memiliki kandungan senyawa organik yang tinggi. Salah satu sistem pengolahan air limbah yang dapat dilakukan secara efektif adalah Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peforma terbaik SBR dalam meningkatkan efisiensi pengolahan limbah cair tahu. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembibitan (seeding), aklimatisasi, dan sistem SBR dengan tahapan variasi kecepatan pengumpanan. Kecepatan pengumpanan SBR pada saat pembibitan (seeding), aklimatisasi, dan running 1 sebesar 200 ml/hari dan sebesar 400 ml/hari pada saat running 2. Hasil penelitian ini memperoleh penurunan konsentrasi COD terbaik dari 8.000 mg/L menjadi 96 mg/L diperoleh pada running 1 dan penurunan konsentrasi COD dari 8.000 mg/L menjadi 160 mg/L diperoleh pada running 2. Efisiensi tertinggi yang dihasilkan adalah 98,8% pada running 1 dan 98% pada running 2.Kata kunci : Limbah cair tahu, Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR), Kecepatan Pengumpanan ABSTRACTTofu wastewater collected from the tofu industries in West Bandung Regency has a high organic content. One of the wastewater treatment systems that can be applied effectively is the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) system. The purpose of this study was to find out the best performance of SBR in improving the efficiency of tofu wastewater treatment. This study conducted seeding, acclimatization, and SBR system that varied the feeding rates to find optimum value. The SBR feeding rate at the times of seeding, acclimatization, and running 1 amounted to 200 ml/day and amounted to 400 ml/day at the time of running 2. The results of this study were the best reduction in COD concentration from 8,000 mg/L to 96 mg/L obtained in the first running and reduction in COD concentration from 8,000 mg/L to 160 mg/L obtained in 2nd running. The highest efficiency produced was 98.8% on the first running 1 and 98% obtained from the 2nd running.Keywords: Tofu Wastewater, Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR), Feeding Rates

Formulasi Obat Kumur Ekstrak Daun Leunca (Solanum nigrum L.) dan Uji Aktivitasnya Terhadap Streptococcus mutans Vini Ivania Pardeny; Affifah Asri Afiani; Alyanissa Nurfadiya; Sabinna Azahra Suleman; Laily Isna Ramadhani
Fluida Vol 15 No 1 (2022): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v15i1.3507

ABSTRAK Kesehatan mulut yang terjaga dapat membantu terhindar dari berbagai penyakit. Salah satunya menghindari karies gigi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Daun leunca memiliki kandungan antibakteri dan antiinflamasi seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, saponin, tanin dan minyak atsiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan ekstrak daun leunca (Solanum nigrum L.) sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan obat kumur herbal serta menguji stabilitas fisiknya. Ekstrak daun leunca diperoleh dari proses ekstraksi maserasi dengan etanol 96%. Obat kumur dibuat dalam 3 formula yaitu F1, F2 dan F3 dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi ekstrak daun leunca sebanyak 1,5%, 2%, dan 3% lalu dievaluasi fisik meliputi uji organoleptis, uji pH, uji viskositas, dan uji antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus mutans. Diperoleh formulasi obat kumur terbaik pada F3 setelah pengujian selama 4 minggu memiliki stabilitas fisik yang baik, serta paling efektif sebagai antibakteri dibandingkan dengan F1, F2 dan obat kumur komersial. ABSTRACT The healthy and clean mouth is very important to avoid any diseases infection. One of them is preventing the dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Leunca leaves have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory contents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins and essential oils. This research aims to formulate leunca leaf extract (Solanum nigrum L.) as the basic ingredient in the making of herbal mouthwashes with its physical stability were being tested. The leunca leaf extract was obtained from the extraction process of maceration with 96% ethanol. The herbal mouthwash was made in 3 formulas namely F1, F2 and F3 by varying the concentration of leunca leaf extract from 1.5%, 2%, and 3% then to be evaluated physically including organoleptis test, pH test, viscosity test, and antibacterial test against Streptococcus mutans. The best mouthwash formulation was obtained as F3 which has the good physical stability testing after 4 weeks, and being the most effective antibacterial formula compared to F1, F2 and the commercial mouthwash.

Seeding and Acclimatization for Aerobic Processing of Restaurant Wastewater with Sequencing Batch Reactor Herawati Budiastuti; Laily Isna Ramadhani; Sudrajat Harris Abdulloh; Ananda Dea Maharani; Melina Melina; Robby Sudarman
Fluida Vol 16 No 1 (2023): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v16i1.4521

Restaurant wastewater has a relatively high organic matter content, so it needs to be treated to meet the specified quality standard. One of the technologies that can be used in restaurant wastewater treatment is Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) technology. The purpose of this study is to set up an aerobic SBR system with seeding and acclimatization treatments to reduce the amount of organic matter in restaurant wastewater when a shock load occurs. The research was done using wastewater from a restaurant in Bandung and activated sludge from the food industry in Bogor as seeds for microorganisms. In this study, the seeding process was carried out by introducing 25% activated sludge and 75% nutrients into the reactor, and the acclimatization process was carried out by introducing a specific ratio of nutrients and wastewater into the reactor gradually until the waste concentration reached 100%. The parameters tested were COD, MLVSS, DO, pH, and temperature. During the seeding procedure, the initial COD value of 3,200 mg/L declined. It began to stabilize on the seventh day, with a COD value of 1,080 mg/L. The COD removal reached a relatively stable condition in the acclimatization process starting on day 2, where COD decreased from the original 1,280 mg/L to 480 mg/L.

The Impact of Hydraulic Retention Time on the Biomethane Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) in Two-Stage Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor Laily Isna Ramadhani; Sri Ismiyati Damayanti; Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo; Muhammad Mufti Azis; Wiratni Budhijanto
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 10, No 1 (2021): February 2021
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2021.20639

Indonesia is currently the most significant crude palm oil (CPO) producer in the world. In the production ofCPO, 0.7m3 of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is emitted as the wastewater for every ton of fresh fruit bunches processed in the palm oil mill.With the increasing amount of CPO production, an effective POME treatment system is urgently required to prevent severe environmental damage. The high organic content in the POME is a potential substrate forbio-methane production. The biomethane production is carried out by two groups of microbes, i.e., acidogenic and methanogenic microbes. Each group of bacteria performs optimally at different optimum conditions. To optimize the biomethane production, POME was treated sequentially by separating the acidogenic and methanogenic microbes into two stages of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBR). The steps were optimized differently according to the favorable conditions of each group of bacteria. Although perfect separation cannot be achieved, this study showed that pH control could split the domination of the bacteria, i.e., the first stage (maintained at pH 4-5) was dominated by the acidogenic microbes and the second stage (kept neutral) was governed by methanogens. In addition to the pH control, natural zeolitewas added as microbial immobilization media in the AFBR to improve the performance of the microorganisms, especially in preventing microbial wash out at short hydraulic retention time (HRT). This study was focused on the understanding of the effect of HRT on the performance of steady-state continuous AFBR. The first stage as the acidogenic reactorwas rununder acidic conditions (pH 4-5) at five different HRTs. In comparison, the second stage as the methanogenic reactorwasrun under the neutral condition at four different HRTs. In this work,short HRT (5 days) resulted in better performance in both acidogenic AFBR and methanogenic AFBR. The immobilization media was hence essential to reduce the risk of washout at such a short HRT. The two-stage system also resulted in quite a high percentage of soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) removal, which was as much as 96.06%sCOD.

Pengaruh Laju Alir Udara terhadap Konstanta Pengeringan Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea) Menggunakan Tray Dryer Laily Isna Ramadhani; Irwan Hidayatulloh; Dhyna Analyes Trirahayu
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024): Juli 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

The drying process in this study was carried out using a tray dryer at a drying air temperature of 60oC and a relative humidity of 17.8% by varying the flow rate, namely 1.6, 2.4 and 3.2 m/s. An analysis of the decrease in water content and drying rate constant was carried out to determine the effect of variations in flow rate on these two parameters based on experimental data and corroborated by correlation analysis and statistical significance. Variations in the flow rate of the drying air have an impact on reducing the water content of the butterfly pea flower by 57-60%, where based on the significance test, the results show that the relationship between the two variables is not statistically significant. In addition to the reduction in water content, the drying rate constant was also investigated in this study, where the largest drying rate constant was 0.0154 kgH2O/m2.minute when a drying air flow rate of 3.2 m/s was used.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Bioreaktor Dua Tahap terhadap Pengolahan Anaerobik Lindi Sampah Kota Laily Isna Ramadhani; Alifa Dewi Kirana; Ghinaa Annisa Khairani; Herawati Budastuti; Dhyna Analyes Trirahayu; Keryanti
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024): Oktober 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

The generation of waste in landfills can result in the production of wastewater, commonly referred to as leachate. This leachate has the potential to pollute the surrounding environment, as it can enter the groundwater or be transported by surface flows. Consequently, leachate treatment is conducted through a two-stage anaerobic process. The method was selected due to its capacity to decompose waste with high organic content and to produce optimal biogas. The objective of this study is to ascertain the impact of employing a two-stage anaerobic bioreactor on the proliferation of anaerobic microorganisms in the context of leachate treatment. The application of an acidic pH in the acidogenic bioreactor influences the growth of acidogenic bacteria, resulting in a shorter lag phase in comparison to the single bioreactor. This also impacted the reactor's performance in reducing the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The two-stage bioreactor demonstrated a superior COD reduction efficiency of 78%, in comparison to the single-stage bioreactor, which exhibited an efficiency of 69%.

Treatment and Handling of Hydraulic Shock Load of Urea Fertilizer Wastewater in Sequencing Batch Reactor Budiastuti, Herawati -; Nurazizah, Annisa; Apriyanti, Fitri; Sudarman, Robby; Ramadhani, Laily Isna; Pullammanappalil, Pratap
Jurnal Internasional Penelitian Teknologi Terapan Vol 5 No 1 (2024): February 2024
Publisher : Bandung State Polytechnic (Politeknik Negeri Bandung)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/ijatr.v5i1.135

The production process in the urea fertilizer industry produces wastewater with a very high ammonia content, which exceeds the quality standards for fertilizer wastewater. Therefore, it is necessary to treat urea fertilizer wastewater, which has a high ammonia content. One of the technologies that can be used to treat this type of wastewater is the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) technology. The SBR technology was chosen because it only requires one reactor for the entire process, in which in conventional activated sludge systems it occurs in several reactors. Shock loading often occurs in wastewater treatment plants, including both organic shock loads and hydraulic shock loads. The waste used in the SBR operation in this research is urea fertilizer wastewater originating from a urea fertilizer industry in West Java, Indonesia. The parameters to be tested were COD, MLVSS, DO, pH, temperature, turbidity, and ammonia concentration. The results showed that the efficiency of reducing ammonia levels under normal loading with a flow rate of 300 mL/day was 99.5%, whereas when given a shock load of 600 mL/day, an efficiency of 98% was obtained. This proves that SBR can handle shock loads even though its efficiency slightly decreases.

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