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All Journal Yustisia Arena Hukum PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Hasanuddin Law Review Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Khatulistiwa Law Review Multicience Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan
Irawati Handayani
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran
Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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JUSTICIABILITY OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ITS FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA Handayani, Irawati
Yustisia Vol 7, No 3: December 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v7i3.24782

Abstract

Economic, social, and cultural rights are categorized as second generation of rights in the concept of international human rights law. Due to its distinction with first generation right, which is civil and political right, it leads to the differentiation of justiciability of second generation rights. It’s quite often that the fulfillment of economic, social, and cultural rights is postponed, while on the contrary civil and political rights have to be accomplished immediately. The query of justiciability of economic, social, and cultural rights rottenly links with the responsibility of state parties on implementing the rights enumerated in ICCPR or ICESCR. Referring to Article 2 of ICESCR, the implementation of rights stated in ICESCR could be in progressive manner and usually this article is used as an example to not fulfill the right immediately. This article will elaborate further the implementation of protection of economic, social, and cultural rights in another country particularly in South Africa and compare it with Indonesia in order to achieve an ideal form of justiciability of this second generation of rights.
Cyber-Attack in Estonia: a New Challenge in The Applicability of International Humanitarian Law Zahra, Iradhati; Handayani, Irawati; Christianti, Diajeng Wulan
Yustisia Vol 10, No 1: April 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v10i1.48336

Abstract

This article aimed to analyze the classification of armed conflict in Estonia's cyber-attack and how the existing IHL are answering this problem, and whether those regulations are enough for future cases of cyber-attack. This article uses the normative method by comparing the Geneva Convention 1949 and Additional Protocol I 1977 with Rule 30 Tallinn Manual 1.0 and some relevant literary works, using a descriptive-analytic to explain the object comprehensively. The result shows that Estonia's cyber-attack could be classified as an International Armed Conflict, which first started as a Non-International Armed Conflict by proving attribution from Russia to Nashi Youth Group following the Overall Control in Tadic Case. The distinction between information warfare and cyber-attack is related to the physical impact, which a threshold of a cyber-attack under Tallinn Manual 1.0. It means Rule 30 of Tallinn Manual 1.0 also answered Jus ad Bellum's threshold and Jus in Bello in terms of cyber-attack. Although, this article needs some improvements regarding the limitation of this issue only focused on the Material Scope of IHL. In addition, Rule 30 of Tallinn Manual 1.0 is not legally binding because it is not one source of international law. However, it is possible for the Rule 30 Tallinn Manual 1.0 to be a new norm and becoming customary international law in the future.
Co-Authors Anisa Fauziah Annisa Juliana Atip Latipulhayat Claudya, Ribqha Darmo H Suwiryo Diajeng Wulan Christianti, Diajeng Wulan Difa Ghiblartar Gastina Erry Sunarya Fikri Kalam Garry Gumelar Ghiblartar, Difa Iradhati Zahra Jenica Alva Patria Putra, Mochamad Rizcky Pratidina, Safira Sigar Aji Poerana Triputra, Adhitiya Augusta Zahra, Iradhati Zainal Abdul Aziz Hadju