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All Journal An-Nur International Journal of Islamic Thought
Imam, Mohammad Fuyudun Niam
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Religion Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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The Spiral of Violence: A Critical Analysis of The Genealogy of Islamophobia Imam, Mohammad Fuyudun Niam; Samudra, Fawes; Solahudin, Muhammad
An-Nur International Journal of Islamic Thought Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): AIJIT - DECEMBER
Publisher : Yayasan Pesantren Mahasiswa An-Nur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62032/aijit.v1i1.16

Abstract

The rise of terrorism by extremist groups with religious backgrounds and the development of Islamophobia in the West after 9/11 are essential issues that need to be addressed. After the WTC incident in 2001, the US declared a "war on terror," which has implications for the bad sentiment of Western society towards Islam, which has led to many acts of discrimination and violence against Muslims in the West. There are still few studies that analyze the relationship between religious fundamentalism-extremism and the development of Islamophobia in the West. This study uses a qualitative approach with secondary data analysis from various sources related to the topic discussed.   It was found that propaganda and hateful rhetoric, as well as acts of violence by extremist Muslim groups, helped trigger and strengthen Islamophobia in the West. From the perspective of the spiral of violence theory, the 9/11 terrorist act also gave birth to other violence in the form of military attacks and discrimination against Muslims. Acts of terrorism by Muslim fundamentalists and Islamophobia in the West influence each other in an ongoing cycle of violence. Efforts to prevent terrorism and deradicalization, as well as religious tolerance education, are needed to break this cycle of violence. We recommend further research with a quantitative approach to empirically analyze the impact of acts of terrorism on incidents of Islamophobia.
Between the Sword and the Soul: Sufism’s Living Tradition of Jihād Muhammad Jusuf Nur Ikhsan; Imam, Mohammad Fuyudun Niam
An-Nur International Journal of Islamic Thought Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): AIJIT-JUNE
Publisher : Yayasan Pesantren Mahasiswa An-Nur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62032/aijit.v3i1.86

Abstract

This article explores the multidimensional understanding of jihād within the Sufi tradition, focusing on its typology as internal, verbal, and physical struggle (jihād al-nafs, jihād al-lisān, jihād al-Sayf). Drawing on classical Sufi texts, historical accounts, and modern scholarly analyses, the study re-evaluates the perception of Sufism as an exclusively pacifist movement. It argues that early Sufi thinkers such as Al-Ghazālī, Rūmī, and ʿAbdallāh b. al-Mubārak developed an integrated conception of jihād that prioritized spiritual purification but also permitted martial engagement under ethical conditions. The paper highlights the roles of Sufi saints and brotherhoods in resisting tyranny through speech, participating in holy wars, and supporting imperial military structures such as the Janissaries and Mughal armies. In modern times, many Sufi groups have reinterpreted jihād in nonviolent, ethical, and social terms, offering a counterbalance to Salafi-jihadist ideologies. The study concludes that Sufism’s legacy of combining inner discipline with outward responsibility provides a more holistic and historically grounded vision of jihād, one that continues to resonate in contemporary Islamic thought and global religious discourse.
Co-Authors Maskuri, Arfan Muhammad Jusuf Nur Ikhsan Muhammad Solahudin, Muhammad Rohman, Fikri Taufiqur Samudra, Fawes Zainal Fanani