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Journal : Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia

Perbandingan Pemberian Dexmedetomidine dengan Fentanyl Intraoperatif terhadap Kedalaman Anestesia dan Kecepatan Pemulihan pada Operasi Bedah Saraf Jasa, Zafrullah Kany; Heriansyah, Teuku; Muttaqin, Muttaqin
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 11, No 2 (2022)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (292.219 KB) | DOI: 10.24244/jni.v11i2.463

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Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Anestesi bebas opioid merupakan diskusi baru dalam dunia anestesi. Bukti menunjukkan bahwa opioid memiliki efek samping yang tidak diinginkan. Dexmedetomidine merupakan suatu reseptor agonis a2-adrenergik selektif yang memiliki efek sparing opioid serta kecepatan pulih sadar anestesi yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan efektifitas dexmedetomidine dan fentanyl terhadap kedalaman anestesi dan pemulihan pasca anestesi pada operasi bedah saraf supratentorialSubjek dan Metode: Total 40 sampel penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 grup: A (Dexmedetomidine) dan B (Fentanyl) dengan total sampel 20 pada tiap grup. Kedua grup dilakukan pemasangan alat bispectral index (BIS) selama pembedahan. Kedua grup akan dinilai kecepatan pemulihan pasca anestesi sejak obat anestesi dihentikan.Hasil: Berdasarkan uji statistik didapatkan hasil bahwa penggunaan dexmedetomidine dan fentanyl memiliki efek anestesi optimal, dimana tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan di antara keduanya dalam hal mencapai level anestesi optimal berdasar indeks BIS. Didapatkan pula hasil waktu pulih pasca anestesi dexmedetomidine lebih cepat dibandingkan pemberian fentanyl, dengan perbedaan waktu 5,10 menit (p0,05), dengan terdapat perbedaan signifikan kecepatan pulih pasca anestesi antara penggunaan dexmedetomidine dan fentanyl.Simpulan: Penggunaan dexmedetomidine pada operasi bedah saraf supratentorial memiliki kecepatan waktu pulih pasca anestesi yang lebih baik dibandingkan fentanylComparison of Dexmedetomidine Administration with Intraoperative Fentanyl to The Depth of Anesthesia and Recovery Speed in NeurosurgeryAbstractBackground and Objective: Opioid free anesthesia is a new discussion in the world of anesthesia. The available evidence suggests that opioids also have unintended effects. Dexmedetomidine is a selective 2-adrenergic receptor (?2-AR) agonist drug, that this drug has an opioid-sparing effect, and a faster recovery rate after anesthesia. To compare the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl on the depth of anesthesia and post-anesthesia recovery in supratentorial neurosurgery operations.Subject and Methods: A total of 40 research samples was divided into 2 groups, namely group A (Dexmedetomidine) and group B (Fentanyl). The number of research samples in each group was 20 people. Both groups of patients will be fitted with a bispectral index (BIS) during surgery. Both groups will measure the post-anesthesia recovery time since the anesthetic drug was discontinuedResults: Based on statistical tests, it was found that the use of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl had an optimal anesthetic effect, where there was no significant difference between these two anesthetic agents in achieving optimal anesthetic levels based on the BIS Index. From statistical analysis was found that post-anesthesia recovery time on dexmedetomidine was faster than the administration of fentanyl, with a difference of 5.10 minutes (p0.05) with statistically significant difference in the speed of post-anesthesia recovery between the use of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl.Conclusion: The use of dexmedetomidine in supratentorial neurosurgical surgery anesthesia has a faster post- anesthesia recovery time than the use of fentanyl.
Anestesi Posisi Prone untuk Pengangkatan Tumor Torakal Posterior Pasien Pediatri dengan Malnutrisi Kronis dan Gangguan Metabolik Kulsum, Kulsum; Rachman, Iwan Abdul; Prihatno, MM. Rudi; Jasa, Zafrullah Kany
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 8, No 3 (2019)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2838.546 KB) | DOI: 10.24244/jni.v8i3.237

Abstract

Malnutrisi kronis adalah suatu keadaan dimana tubuh mengalami gangguan dalam penggunaan zat gizi untuk pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan aktivitas. Gangguan metabolik yaitu kondisi adanya kelainan proses metabolisme pada tubuh akibat defisiensi enzim atau hormon. Posisi prone pada neuroanestesi pediatrik tulang belakang dilakukan untuk mencapai tekanan perfusi otak dan tulang belakang yang normal. Tujuan kasus ini membahas pengelolaan neuroanestesi pediatrik pada posisi prone dengan adanya kelainan malnutrisi kronis merupakan hal yang rumit sehingga diperlukan manajemen agar menghasilkan outcome yang baik. Anak laki laki, 8 tahun, 15 kg, 102 cm, benjolan di punggung belakang yang keluar merembes cairan dengan diameter 7 cm sejak lahir, kelemahan anggota gerak, buang air besar dan buang air kecil tertahan. Dilakukan VP-shunt 2 minggu lalu. Premedikasi dengan midazolam dan fentanyl. Induksi menggunakan propofol dan ada penambahan saat laringoskopi dan intubasi. Fasilitas intubasi dengan atracurium. Pemeliharaan anestesi dengan O2 + udara + sevofluran 2% dengan fraksi oksigen 50% + propofol dan rocuronium bolus intravena. Monitoring tanda vital (tekanan darah, denyut jantung, frekuensi nafas, saturasi oksigen, jumlah dan warna urin) serta end tidal CO2. Hasil setelah pengangkatan tumor selama 2 jam hemodinamik relatif stabil, tekanan darah 100120/6080 mmHg. Pasien ditempatkan di Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Simpulan: diperlukan manajemen neuroanestesi pediatrik untuk menangani kasus malnutrisi kronik dan gangguan metabolik pada pengangkatan tumor torakal posterior agar menghasilkan outcome yang baik.Prone Position Anesthesia for Posterior Thoracal Tumor Removal Pediatric Patient with Chronic Malnutrition and Metabolic DisorderAbstractChronic malnutrition is a condition where the body experiences a disruption in the use of nutrients for growth, development and activity. Metabolic disorders are conditions in which there are abnormal metabolic processes in the body due to enzyme or hormone deficiency. The prone position in pediatric spinal neuroanesthesia is performed to achieve normal cerebral and spinal perfusion pressure. The purpose of this case is to discuss the management of pediatric neuroanesthesia in the complicated prone position in order to produce good outcomes. Boy, 8 years old, 15 kg, 102 cm, a lump in the back that came out seeping fluid with a diameter of 7 cm from birth, weakness in limbs, bowel movements and urinary retention. Performed a VP shunt 2 weeks ago. The premedication method uses midazolam and fentanyl. Induction uses propofol and there are additions during laryngoscopy and intubation. Intubation facilities with atracurium. Maintenance of anesthesia with O2 + air + sevoflurane 2% with 50% oxygen fraction + propofol and intravenous rocuronium bolus. Monitoring vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, amount and color of urine) and end tidal CO2. Tumor removal results for 2 hours hemodynamically are relatively stable, blood pressure 6080/4050 mmHg. Patients are admit to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Conclusion: pediatric neuroanesthesia management is needed to handle chronic malnutrition and metabolic disorders in the removal of posterior thoracic tumors in order to produce good outcomes.
Luaran Pasien Dengan Perdarahan Intraserebral dan Intraventrikular yang Dilakukan Vp-Shunt Emergensi Jasa, Zafrullah Kany; Rahardjo, Sri; Saleh, Siti Chasnak
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 1, No 3 (2012)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (6672.242 KB) | DOI: 10.24244/jni.vol1i3.99

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Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Perdarahan intraventrikuler dan intraserebral merupakan kejadian akut yang dapat timbul spontan terutama akibat hipertensi dan aneurisma yang pecah atau oleh karena cedera kepala akibat trauma. Pada keadaan akut tindakan yang dilakukan dapat berupa pemberian obat-obatan ataupun tindakan pembedahan. Tindakan pembedahan yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengurangi tekanan intrakranial yang meningkat mendadak dan mengeluarkan hematoma untuk segera memperbaiki gangguan fungsi dan mencegah kerusakan neurologis lebih berat. Tindakan ini diharapkan dapat menurunkan tekanan intrakranial serta mengurangi resiko timbulnya hidrosefalus akibat tersumbatnya sistem ventrikel di otak sebagai salah satu kompilkasi dari perdarahan intrakranial.Subjek dan Metode: Telah dilakukan tindakan pemasangan Ventrikulo-Peritoneal Shunt (VP-Shunt) pada 8 orang pasien yang mengalami perdarahan intraventrikuler atau perdarahan intraserebral oleh karena stroke dan trauma dalam 72 jam pertama setelah timbulnya gejala. Dilakukan perbandingan terhadap GCS awal sebelum operasi dan 72 jam setelah operasi serta luaran terhadap pasien terebut.Hasil: Didapatkan bahwa 6 orang pasien (75%) terjadi peningkatan GCS setelah pemasangan VP-Shunt. Dari pasien yang mengalami perbaikan GCS didapatkan selanjutnya 4 orang (50%) dipulangkan dan 4 pasien meninggal selama perawatan karena komplikasi.Simpulan: Tindakan VP-Shunt pada keadaat akut terhadap pasien perdarahan intraventrikuler dan intraserebral diduga dapat memperbaiki tingkat kesadaran meskipun luaran pasien tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermaknaOutcome of Patients with Intracerebral and Intraventricular Haemorrhage After an Emergency Vp-Shunt Insertion Background and Objective: Intraventricular and intracerebral haemorrhage is an acute condition that can occurs spontaneously due to hypertension or rupture of aneurism, and also can be occurs as a result from brain damage caused by trauma. Management in this acute condition can be done by either giving particular drugs or through surgical procedures. The aim of surgical procedure is to reduce a sudden increase of intracranial pressure as well as to evacuate hematome, in order to prevent functional neurology disturbance and damage. By performing this management, intracranial pressure is expected to decrease, and to reduce the risk of hydrocephalus resulted from an occlusion in brain ventricular system as one of the complication of intracranial haemorrhage.Subject and Method: Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt (VP-Shunt) was inserted during the first 72 hours after the event in 8 patients with intraventricular and intracerebral haemorrhage due to stroke and trauma. Level of consciousness was assessed, by comparing the pre-operative and 72 hours post-operative using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and the patient outcome was also assessed.Result: Six (75%) patients showed an increase GCS after VP-Shunt insertion, with 4 of them can be discharged from the hospital, whilst 4 patients died due to other complications.Conclusion: VP-Shunt insertion in acute condition in patients with intraventricular and intracerebral haemorrhage is considered to be useful in accelerating the level of consciousness, even though the overall outcome of the patients is not significantly different.
L-Arginine, Suatu Peluang Neuroproteksi terhadap Pasien Preeklampsia yang mendapat Problem Neurologis Utami, Niken Asri; Jasa, Zafrullah Kany
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 8, No 2 (2019)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1936.351 KB) | DOI: 10.24244/jni.v8i2.224

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Preeklampsia mengakibatkan komplikasi pada 35% dari seluruh kehamilan. Dihubungkan dengan persalinan prematur, solusio plasenta dan lahir mati serta komplikasi stroke iskemik, stroke perdarahan, edema serebri serta kejang. Pasien dengan preeklampsia menunjukkan peningkatan tekanan perfusi otak pada arteri serebri media, anterior dan posterior, disertai perubahan indeks resistensi arteri serebri. Insiden komplikasi serebrovaskuler menyumbangkan 40% kematian maternal. Terjadi gangguan autoregulasi dan pembentukan edema. Gangguan autoregulasi dihubungkan dengan penurunan resistensi serebrovaskuler, hipoperfusi otak, disrupsi sawar darah otak serta edema vasogenik. Terjadi peningkatan sitokin pro inflamasi dan aktivasi sel-sel glia otak. L-Arginine adalah kompleks asam amino yang memiliki bentuk aktif dalam bentuk L-Arginine (2 amino 5 guanidino pentanoic acid). Substrat L-Arginine untuk membentuk nitric oxide (NO) memiliki peran penting pada pembuluh darah. Pemberian L-Arginine secara intravena 5 menit setelah terjadinya cedera mengembalikan nilai aliran darah otak, memperbaiki sirkulasi serebral serta secara signifikan mereduksi volume otak yang memar. Efek neuroprotektif yang sama telah diamati terjadi pada percobaan lain model cedera otak traumatik dan pada beberapa model iskemia serebri dengan pemberian dini L-Arginine. L-Arginine dapat menjadi agen neuroproteksi potensial yang sangat menarik untuk memperbaiki serebral setelah cedera otak.L-Arginine, a Neuroprotection Chance for Preeclampsia Patients with Neurological ProblemAbstractPreeclampsia complicates 3 5% of all pregnancies. Preeclampsia is associated with premature delivery, placental abruption and stillbirth and can lead to complications, such as ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral edema and seizures. Patients with preeclampsia shows an increase in cerebral perfussion pressure (CPP) in anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries, with accompanying changes in cerebral artery resistance indices. The incident of cerebrovascular complications contributes to 40% of maternal death. Disturbance in autoregulation and subsequent edema formation. Disturbance in CBF autoregulation also associated with decrease in cerebrovascular resistance, brain hypoperfusion, blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and vasogenic edema. There is also an increase in release of pro inflammatory cytokines and glial cells activation. L- Arginine is an amino acid complex, with active form in L-Arginine (2 amino 5 guanidino pentanoic acid) found in vegetable and animal origin proteins, such as dairy, meat and most of all in fish and nuts. L-Arginine substrate creating Nitric Oxide (NO) plays important role in vascular. Intravenous administration of L-Arginine 5 minutes after brain injury restores cerebral blood flow (CBF) level, improves cerebral circulation and significantly reduces the contused brain volume. The same neuroprotective effect on another traumatic brain injury (TBI) model was observed and also found in cerebral ischaemia model with early administration of L-Arginine. L-Arginine can be a potential neuroprotective agent to improve of cerebral circulation after brain injury
Perlukah Central Venous Cathether (CVC) untuk Pengelolaan Anestesi Reseksi Tumor Pineal Body dengan Posisi Parkbench? Kulsum, Kulsum; Jasa, Zafrullah Kany; Jamal, Fachrul
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 8, No 1 (2019)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (518.995 KB) | DOI: 10.24244/jni.vol8i1.199

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Tumor pineal body di Indonesia termasuk kasus yang jarang dengan insidens 10% dari seluruh tumor otak. Reseksi tumor otak bisa dilakukan dengan berbagai posisi tergantung letak tumor, operator dan fasilitas yang tersedia. Perdarahan pada kasus tumor pineal body sekitar 510% sehingga pemasangan Central Venous Catheter (CVC) tergantung kebutuhan saat operasi. Tujuan laporan kasus ini untuk mengetahui apakah harus dipasang CVC pada kasus tumor otak. Pengelolaan operasi reseksi tumor pineal body dilakukan dengan posisi parkbench tanpa dipasang alat CVC dengan manajemen neuroanestesi. Seorang anak laki laki 10 tahun, berat badan 21 kg mengeluh nyeri kepala hebat, mual muntah, kejang kejang, mata menonjol, pandangan kabur, badan spastik telah dilakukan ventriculo peritoneal shunt (VP-Shunt) 3 bulan yang lalu. Premedikasi menggunakan midazolam dan fentanyl. Induksi menggunakan propofol dan ada penambahan saat laringoskopi dan intubasi. Fasilitas intubasi dengan atracurium. Pemeliharaan anestesi dengan O2+ udara+ sevofluran dengan fraksi oksigen 50% + Propofol dan atracurium secara kontinyu. Monitoring tanda vital (tekanan darah, denyut jantung, frekuensi nafas, saturasi oksigen, jumlah dan warna urin) serta end tidal CO2. Hasil reseksi tumor pineal body selama 4 jam hemodinamik relatif stabil, tekanan darah sistolik berkisar 9010 mmHg, tekanan darah diastolik 40-60 mmHg. Pengelolaan kasus reseksi tumor pineal body dengan posisi parkbench tanpa pemasangan CVC tetap masih bisa dilakukan dengan syarat monitoring ketat dan atasi segera setiap permasalahan yang terjadi.Does it Need CVC for the Management of The Pineal Body Tumor with Parkbench Position?Pineal body tumors in Indonesia is a rare cases with 10% incidence of all brain tumors. Brain tumor resection can be done with various positions depending on the location of tumors, operators and facilities available. Bleeding in case of pineal body tumor is about 5-10% so the installation of Central Venous Catheter (CVC) depends on the need for operation. The purpose of this case report is to determine whether CVC should be installed in cases of brain tumors. The management of pineal body tumor resection surgery is done by parkbench position without CVC with neuroanesthesia management. A 10-year-old boy weighing 21 kg complained of severe headache, nausea, vomiting, convulsions, prominent eyes, blurred vision, spastic body had been done Ventriculo Peritoneal Shunt (VP Shunt) 3 months ago. Premedication using midazolam and fentanyl. Induction uses propofol and there is addition in laryngoscopy and intubation. Intubation facility with atracurium. Maintenance of anesthesia with O2 + water + sevofluran with 50% + oxygen fraction + Propofol and atracurium continuously. Monitoring of vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, breath frequency, oxygen saturation, amount and color of urine) and end tidal CO2. Resection of pineal body tumor for 4 hours hemodynamically relatively stable, systolic blood pressure ranged from 90-110 mmHg, blood pressure diastolic 40-60 mmHg. Management of pineal body tumor resection case with parkbench position without CVC installation still can be done with tight monitoring condition and solve immediately every problem that happened.
Pengelolaan Anestesi untuk Eksisi Tumor Intradura Intramedula (IDIM) Setinggi Vertebra Cervical 5-6 dengan Panduan Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring Santosa, Dhania Anindita; Harijono, Bambang; Hamzah, Hamzah; Jasa, Zafrullah Kany; Rehatta, Nancy Margareta
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 7, No 3 (2018)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (399.879 KB) | DOI: 10.24244/jni.vol7i3.26

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Eksisi tumor intradura intramedula (IDIM) dengan bantuan intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM) merupakan suatu teknik pembedahan yang bertujuan agar eksisi tumor dilakukan semaksimal mungkin, dengan meminimalkan defisit neurologis akibat pembedahan. Penanganan anestesi pada eksisi tumor IDIM dengan bantuan IOM ini, seorang ahli anestesi perlu menguasai ilmu dan keterampilan neuroanestesi untuk pembedahan tulang belakang, selain itu juga pemilihan teknik, jenis dan dosis obat yang mendukung pelaksanaan pembedahan dengan IOM ini. Seorang laki-laki usia 52 tahun dengan tumor IDIM setinggi vertebra cervical 56 menjalani pembedahan eksisi tumor dengan bantuan IOM. Pembedahan dilakukan di bawah pengaruh anestesi umum dengan induksi intravena. Laringoskopi dilakukan dengan video laryngoscope. Pembedahan dilakukan dengan panduan IOM, selama anestesi diberikan total intravenous anesthesia tanpa pemberian pelumpuh otot tambahan setelah intubasi. Pembedahan berlangsung selama enam jam dan tumor dapat terangkat seluruhnya. Tantangan selama periode perioperatif adalah penilaian dan persiapan prabedah yang teliti, posisi pasien dan pemilihan teknik anestesi yang tepat.Anesthesia Management for Cervical 5-6 Intradural Intramedullary (IDIM) Tumor under Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring GuidanceExcision of intradural intramedullary (IDIM) tumor using intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM) is one surgical technique aiming to excise tumor as maximum as possible, with minimum neurological deficit. In anesthesia management for IDIM tumor excision under IOM guidance, an anesthesiologist is required to master neuroanesthesia knowledge and skill, especially for spine surgery. Moreover, understanding the art of anesthesia technique, drug and dose supporting surgery with IOM. A male patient, 52 years old, with IDIM tumor at the level of cervical 5-6th underwent surgery for tumor excision using IOM. Surgery was done under general anesthesia, started with intravenous induction, and intubation was done using video laryngoscope. Surgery was done under IOM guidance, total intravenous anesthesia was implemented and no additional muscle relaxant was given after intubation. Surgery lasted for six hours and tumor was resected completely. Challenges during perioperative period are meticulous preoperative assessment and preparation, patient positioning and appropriate anesthesia technique.
Trombosis Vena Otak Marwan, Kenanga; Jasa, Zafrullah Kany; Umar, Nazaruddin
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 7, No 2 (2018)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (521.57 KB) | DOI: 10.24244/jni.vol7i2.9

Abstract

Trombosis vena otak (TVO) adalah trombosis pada vena otak dan sinus mayor duramater. Faktor resiko terjadinya TVO meliputi faktor genetik trombofilia dan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal. Manifestasi klinis TVO sangat bervariasi. Timbulnya gejala dan tanda bersifat akut, subakut, atau kronis. Empat sindrom utama yang muncul: hipertensi intrakranial terisolasi, kelainan neurologis fokal, kejang, dan ensefalopati. Sindrom ini dapat muncul dalam kombinasi atau terisolasi tergantung pada luas dan lokasi TVO. Tatalaksana fase akut dari TVO berfokus pada antikoagulan, manajemen dari sekuele seperti kejang, peningkatan tekanan intrakranial, dan infark vena.2 Penyebab utama kematian pasien TVO selama fase akut adalah herniasi transtentorial yang kebanyakan disebabkan karena perdarahan vena. Mayoritas pasien mengalami penyembuhan parsial dan sekitar 10% mengalami defisit neurologis permanen hingga 12 pasien terjadi pada bulan ketiga) dan akan terbatas setelahnya. Rekurensi dari TVO termasuk jarang (2,8%).Cerebral Venous ThrombosisCerebral venous thrombosis is a condition of thrombosis in cerebral veins and major sinus duramater. Risk factor of cerebral venous thrombosis include genetic factor like thrombophylia and hormonal contraception. There are variations in clinical manifestation of cerebral venous thrombosis. The sign and symptom could be divided into acute, subacute or chronic onset. There are 4 syndroms of clinical manifestations of cerebral venous thrombosis: isolated intracranial hypertension, focal neurologic deficits, seizure, and encephalopathy. The focus of treatment in cerebral venous thrombosis is anticoagulant therapy, sequele of seizure, to treat intracranial hypertension and venous infract. The main cause of death patient with acute onset cerebral venous thrombosis is transtentorial herniation due to venous bleeding. Partial recovery happens in mostly patient with cerebral venous thrombosis anda about 10% had permanent neurologic deficits untill 12 moths. Recanalisation occurs in the first month after cerebral venous thrmbosis (84% patient in the third month) and limited after that. Cerebral venous thrombosis recurrency is rare (2,8%).