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All Journal International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET) International Review of Practical Innovation, Technology and Green Energy (IRPITAGE) Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy
Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
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Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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BABUR THE FOUNDER OF MUGHAL EMPIRE IN INDIA Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) Vol. 2 No. 3 (2023): FEBRUARY
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijset.v2i3.142

Abstract

The fourteenth century of the Christian period was a time of significant transition. The social and political environment was undergoing changes. Strong, centralized empires were erected in the east, while the middle classes in the west started to seek and obtain a part of government. Islamic control thrived during this period, bringing people from all over the globe together via trade and business. There were such powerful and centralized Islamic empires as the Mongols, Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals. The Mughal Empire was made up of the conflicted, cooperative, and inventive relationships between the imperial dynasty and individuals from a wide range of cultural backgrounds in the numerous Indian territories that it was in charge of at the time. Three centuries' worth of rule might be attributed to the Empire. The Empire reached its zenith as the most powerful and prosperous state in human history
DISCOVERING THE HIDDEN GEMS OF SOPORE, KASHMIR: UNCOVERING THE HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MEERAS MAHAL Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) Vol. 2 No. 5 (2023): APRIL
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijset.v3i1.154

Abstract

Abstract Sopore, Kashmir is known for its natural beauty, but the historical significance of its cultural heritage is often overlooked. Meeraz Mahal is considered a significant cultural heritage site and is an important tourist attraction in Sopore. This paper examines the hidden gem of Sopore, Meeraz Mahal, and its importance in the cultural history of the region. Through a combination of archival research and fieldwork, this study delves into the architectural features and artistic elements of the palace. Furthermore, it explores the social and political context in which Meeraz Mahal was built and how it has been preserved over time. This paper also highlighting the need for the preservation and restoration of historical sites like Meeraz Mahal and its contribution in promotion of tourism and cultural heritage in the region. The building has been featured in several documentaries and films.
HUMAYUN’S EXILE: A STUDY OF REFUGEE POLITICS IN EARLY MODERN EMPIRES Khalid Bashir; Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) Vol. 3 No. 11 (2024): OCTOBER
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijset.v3i11.607

Abstract

Humayun, the second emperor of the Mughal dynasty, seems a rich case study on the politics of exile and survival strategies in early modern empires. His role as a refugee king throws much light on the intricacies of power play, diplomatic maneuvers, and changing loyalties in the South and Central Asian political scenario of the 16th century. In the backdrop of early modern refugee politics, to which the exile of Humayun belongs, an explication from a multiple perspective into its broader context will be done on the basis of how displaced rulers sought refuge, negotiated power, and redefined their political strategies to regain lost thrones in the following chapters. A sensitive equation of politics and ambition among early modern rulers is illuminated through Humayun's flight to Persia after he lost his kingdom to Sher Shah Suri. Critical support he was able to receive from the Safavid ruler Shah Tahmasp proved crucial for the reviving of his empire as well as vindicating the element of inter-imperial alliances in ensuring the survival of displaced monarchs. The exile of Humayun also speaks of the impermanence of imperial frontiers and religious identity in shaping political ties, as his relations with the Shi'a Safavid approximately correspond to his Sunni heritage. This paper further explores the human cost of Humayun's exile by examining how it developed his political theory, military tactics, and led to Mughal restoration of power. Situating Humayun's exile in the broad framework of early modern refugee politics, this paper uncovers the negotiations of power through exile, in which refuge indeed became a political currency, and the displaced ruler navigated webs of loyalty and intrigue in an attempt to regain authority. In the end, the story of Humayun underscores the strength of such worked-out migrant patients and the intricately knitted political webs they played their game through in the attempt to regain power in early empires.
The Silk Route as an Economic Artery: Reassessing Its Transformative Impact on Medieval India’s Commercial Landscape, fiscal systems and economic policy. Khalid Bashir,; Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): September
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59733/jishup.v3i3.152

Abstract

The Silk Route was not merely an avenue for luxury trade but also a vibrant economic force that rebuilt medieval India's commercial and fiscal systems. This study revises its contribution to urbanization, monetization, and state economic policy, countering Eurocentric assumptions minimizing India's place in transregional trade. Based on numismatic evidence, travelogues, and GIS mapping, it indicates the prosperity of cities like Mathura, Taxila, and Delhi as significant trade centers, successfully integrating Persian, Central Asian, and Chinese networks. In addition, the study considers disruptions, such as Mongol invasions, forcing a strategic realignment toward Indian Ocean trade, thus perpetuating India's prolonged commercial dominance.
INDIA'S CULTURAL RELATIONSHIP WITH ASIAN NATIONS Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): February
Publisher : CV. Radja Publika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijebas.v3i2.731

Abstract

The social customs and technological advancements that have their roots in or are connected to the ethno linguistically heterogeneous country of India are known as Indian culture. The phrase also refers to nations and cultures outside of India whose histories have ties to India via immigration, colonialism, or other forms of influence, notably in South Asia and South-East Asia. An important chapter in the history of India is the spread of Indian culture and civilization to other regions of Asia. Indian trade relations with other nations date back many centuries. The spread of Indian languages, religions, arts, and architectural styles, as well as Indian philosophy, beliefs, and practices, was an inevitable outcome of this. In certain regions of Southeast Asia, Hindu kingdoms were even founded mainly through Indian political intrigue. The Indus Valley Civilization and other early cultural regions were influential in shaping Indian culture, which is sometimes described as a synthesis of various civilizations.
THE GOLDEN ORCHARD: A CLOSER LOOK AT THE ECONOMIC BRILLIANCE OF SOPORE’S APPLE INDUSTRY IN KASHMIR Ishfaq Ahmad Mir; Sarfaraz Ahmad Rather
International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): June
Publisher : CV. Radja Publika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijebas.v3i3.908

Abstract

Abstract The apple is one of the most significant horticultural products and is well-known for its health advantages all over the world. In northern India, Kashmir is one of the main apple-producing regions. The apple business in Kashmir, especially in the region of sopore, is the Valley's main employer and the foundation of its economy. The fame of this fruit extends beyond the borders of the nation and into other countries. It is the sole source of income for many households and employs about 60% of the population overall. During the harvest season, tons of apples are sent to other states in India as well as to countries outside of India, and some are held here in cold storage. Although Kashmir produces several apple varieties, only seven are farmed on a commercial basis. The Mustafa Memorial Fruit Mandi, which is situated near Sopore in the district of Baramulla, is one of the main apple markets in the Valley of Kashmir.
THE ENCHANTING SHRINE OF KASHMIR: UNVEILING THE LEGACY OF KHAWAJA HASSAN QARI Reyaz Ahmad Bhat; Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) Vol. 3 No. 5 (2023): October
Publisher : CV. Radja Publika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijebas.v3i5.1124

Abstract

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive case study exploring the remarkable shrine of Kashmir, focusing on the profound legacy of Khawaja Hassan Qari. The study delves into the historical, cultural, and religious significance of the shrine, shedding light on its enchanting allure and the enduring impact of Khawaja Hassan Qari's contributions. Through extensive research and analysis, this paper aims to unveil the captivating narrative of the shrine and highlight the intricate details of Khawaja Hassan Qari's life and teachings. The findings offer valuable insights into the rich heritage of Kashmir and the spiritual heritage left behind by this revered figure.
IDEOLOGY OF BHAGAT SINGH WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA'S FREEDOM STRUGGLE Khalid Bashir; Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): April
Publisher : CV. Radja Publika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijebas.v4i2.1585

Abstract

Bhagat Singh, a prominent freedom fighter and revolutionary from India, played a crucial role in India's struggle for independence from British colonial rule. His ideology was shaped by a deep sense of patriotism, a firm belief in socialism, and a desire for social equality and justice. This research paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of Bhagat Singh's ideology, with a special focus on its relevance to India's freedom struggle. It explores the key principles of Bhagat Singh's ideology, his motivations, and the impact of his ideas on the Indian freedom movement. Additionally, this paper examines Bhagat Singh's contributions to the anti-colonial struggle, his methods of protest, and the legacy he left behind as a martyr for the cause of Indian independence.
THE IMPACT OF BABUR'S RELATIONS WITH TRIBES ON MUGHAL ADMINISTRATION: AN EXPERT ANALYSIS Khalid Bashir; Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) Vol. 4 No. 5 (2024): October
Publisher : CV. Radja Publika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijebas.v4i5.2071

Abstract

This paper proffers an expert evaluation of Babur's complex relationships with the diverse tribal communities of the subcontinent in the early years of the Mughal Empire. It shows, through a focus on Babur's governance structures, that he instead navigated a politically partitioned landscape characterized by alliances between tribal leaders and the consolidating of his own power. His diplomacy and military acumen were not tactical exercises but part of his state-building efforts - a delicate balance between autonomy to tribal people and the need for centralized authority. The paper discusses that Babur's acknowledgment of local power structures and imperial ambitions really laid down the ground for the early stability of the Mughal Empire. His strategic engagement with tribal leaders not only stabilized his reign but also set the basis for administrative reforms and innovations developed by his successors. This study underlines Babur's political acumen, reminding the reader that his dealings with tribal elements played a central role in forging the early Mughal state. His policies of strategic balancing of tribal autonomy with imperial goals proved pivotal in navigating the fractured landscape of the subcontinent. The analysis here gives a nuanced view of how, during his reign, he uniquely presented state formation in such a way that led to the long influence and eventual consolidation of the Mughal Empire, one of South Asia's most powerful and enduring empires.
RESISTANCE AND REBELLION: TRIBAL RESPONSES TO BABUR'S RULE Khalid Bashir; Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) Vol. 4 No. 5 (2024): October
Publisher : CV. Radja Publika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijebas.v4i5.2100

Abstract

The paper, "Resistance and Rebellion: Tribal Responses to Babur's Rule," provides an insightful look into the most formidable and multi-dimensional challenges for the founder of the Mughal Empire, Babur, in consolidating power over the Indian subcontinent. Tribal responses emerged with the fiercest opposition from various tribes in the form of mounting resistances and rebellions against Babur for the continuation of their independence, traditional customs, and economic power. Some of the causes of tribal resistance include the desire for sovereign existence and cultural identity and even economic and religious reasons. During the early 16th century, the Indian subcontinent comprised separate tribal polities, exercising their range of independence under regional chieftains. Territories within such regions as northwest India and Rajasthan and central India were governed by tribes like the Afghans, Rajputs, Bhils, and Gonds. Their military and political power was an intense counter force to Babur's centralized Mughal state. The most significant uprisings were by Rana Sanga amongst the Rajputs. Afghan tribes in the east launched multiple uprisings to assert their independence. The native people in central India used their strategic locations effectively to resist Babur's advances. This essay seeks to analyze the various dimensions of rebellion and strategic steps that Babur undertakes, ranging from military campaigns to diplomatic efforts and even tribal chiefs entering into his administration. Military subjugation was the very necessity, but Babur's input of assimilating tribal elites through land assignments and other titles also played a crucial role in consolidating his power.These tactics emerged only to suppress the immediate resistance and laid the bases for more sophisticated practices under his successors for the Mughal Empire. This book explores major tribal uprisings and their relevance by showing how such resistance took shape in the political and administrative geography of the early Mughal Empire, and situates this within broader socio-political dynamics in the context of how deep-rooted tribalism was an autonomous nature in early Mughal India.
Co-Authors Irshad Ahmad Reshi Khalid Bashir Khalid Bashir, Reyaz Ahmad Bhat Sarfaraz Ahmad Rather