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IDEOLOGY OF BHAGAT SINGH WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA'S FREEDOM STRUGGLE Khalid Bashir; Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): April
Publisher : CV. Radja Publika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijebas.v4i2.1585

Bhagat Singh, a prominent freedom fighter and revolutionary from India, played a crucial role in India's struggle for independence from British colonial rule. His ideology was shaped by a deep sense of patriotism, a firm belief in socialism, and a desire for social equality and justice. This research paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of Bhagat Singh's ideology, with a special focus on its relevance to India's freedom struggle. It explores the key principles of Bhagat Singh's ideology, his motivations, and the impact of his ideas on the Indian freedom movement. Additionally, this paper examines Bhagat Singh's contributions to the anti-colonial struggle, his methods of protest, and the legacy he left behind as a martyr for the cause of Indian independence.

THE IMPACT OF BABUR'S RELATIONS WITH TRIBES ON MUGHAL ADMINISTRATION: AN EXPERT ANALYSIS Khalid Bashir; Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) Vol. 4 No. 5 (2024): October
Publisher : CV. Radja Publika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijebas.v4i5.2071

This paper proffers an expert evaluation of Babur's complex relationships with the diverse tribal communities of the subcontinent in the early years of the Mughal Empire. It shows, through a focus on Babur's governance structures, that he instead navigated a politically partitioned landscape characterized by alliances between tribal leaders and the consolidating of his own power. His diplomacy and military acumen were not tactical exercises but part of his state-building efforts - a delicate balance between autonomy to tribal people and the need for centralized authority. The paper discusses that Babur's acknowledgment of local power structures and imperial ambitions really laid down the ground for the early stability of the Mughal Empire. His strategic engagement with tribal leaders not only stabilized his reign but also set the basis for administrative reforms and innovations developed by his successors. This study underlines Babur's political acumen, reminding the reader that his dealings with tribal elements played a central role in forging the early Mughal state. His policies of strategic balancing of tribal autonomy with imperial goals proved pivotal in navigating the fractured landscape of the subcontinent. The analysis here gives a nuanced view of how, during his reign, he uniquely presented state formation in such a way that led to the long influence and eventual consolidation of the Mughal Empire, one of South Asia's most powerful and enduring empires.

RESISTANCE AND REBELLION: TRIBAL RESPONSES TO BABUR'S RULE Khalid Bashir; Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) Vol. 4 No. 5 (2024): October
Publisher : CV. Radja Publika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijebas.v4i5.2100

The paper, "Resistance and Rebellion: Tribal Responses to Babur's Rule," provides an insightful look into the most formidable and multi-dimensional challenges for the founder of the Mughal Empire, Babur, in consolidating power over the Indian subcontinent. Tribal responses emerged with the fiercest opposition from various tribes in the form of mounting resistances and rebellions against Babur for the continuation of their independence, traditional customs, and economic power. Some of the causes of tribal resistance include the desire for sovereign existence and cultural identity and even economic and religious reasons. During the early 16th century, the Indian subcontinent comprised separate tribal polities, exercising their range of independence under regional chieftains. Territories within such regions as northwest India and Rajasthan and central India were governed by tribes like the Afghans, Rajputs, Bhils, and Gonds. Their military and political power was an intense counter force to Babur's centralized Mughal state. The most significant uprisings were by Rana Sanga amongst the Rajputs. Afghan tribes in the east launched multiple uprisings to assert their independence. The native people in central India used their strategic locations effectively to resist Babur's advances. This essay seeks to analyze the various dimensions of rebellion and strategic steps that Babur undertakes, ranging from military campaigns to diplomatic efforts and even tribal chiefs entering into his administration. Military subjugation was the very necessity, but Babur's input of assimilating tribal elites through land assignments and other titles also played a crucial role in consolidating his power.These tactics emerged only to suppress the immediate resistance and laid the bases for more sophisticated practices under his successors for the Mughal Empire. This book explores major tribal uprisings and their relevance by showing how such resistance took shape in the political and administrative geography of the early Mughal Empire, and situates this within broader socio-political dynamics in the context of how deep-rooted tribalism was an autonomous nature in early Mughal India.

RESHIS OF THE KASHMIR VALLEY: A CASE STUDY OF BABA SHAKUR-UD-DIN WALI R.A Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) Vol. 3 No. 5 (2023): September
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijerlas.v3i5.1029

Abstract Kashmir commonly referred to as "heaven on earth," is home to countless mystics, saints, sufis, and reshis. The word "Rishi" itself is unmistakably derived from Sanskrit and Indian customs. The Rishi Silsilah in Kahmir was founded by Sheikh Nuruddin. Akbar Nama of Abul Fazl, a significant historian from that time, praises them. He states, "Reshis are the most respected class of people in Kashmir Valley." They are sincere in their worship, even if they haven't given up on the conventional and traditional forms of worship (taqlid). They do not disparage men who practice other religions. They lack the tongue of desire and do not pursue material possessions. In order for humans to profit from these, they grow fruit-bearing trees. They avoid eating meat and getting married.

TRACING THE EVOLUTION OF HISTORICAL INQUIRY: THE HISTORY OF HISTORY Dr Khalid Bashir; Ishfaq Ahmad Mir; TN,Dr. Mohammad Iqbal Darzi; Dr.Irshad Ahmad Lone Sr.; MominSajadKar
International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): March
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijerlas.v4i2.1500

The subject of history, as we know it today, has a long and complex history of its own. This research paper explores the evolution of the subject of history, tracing its origins to ancient civilizations and following its development through the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, and into the modern era. Through this exploration, we see how the purpose, methods, and interpretation of history have shifted and evolved, as well as the cultural, social, and political factors that have influenced its trajectory. Ultimately, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the history of history, revealing the dynamic nature of the subject and how it has been shaped by the societies and individuals who have studied it.

"CULTIVATING A GREENER TOMORROW: THE POWER OF ORGANIC FARMING IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR" Ishfaq Ahmad Mir; Irshad Ahmad Reshi
International Review of Practical Innovation, Technology and Green Energy (IRPITAGE) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): July-October 2023
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/irpitage.v3i1.1074

Abstract Organic farming is a method of farming in which the use of chemical fertilisers, pesticides, herbicides, and growth hormones is restricted to a large extent, and soil fertility is maintained through the use of organic manures, green manures, crop rotation, etc. The purpose of this study is to highlight the role of organic farming in enhancing agricultural sustainability in Jammu and Kashmir. Organic farming is a sustainable method that attempts to utilize as little artificial input as possible and as much of the environment's natural resources as possible. The study examines the situation of organic farming practices in Jammu and Kashmir, looking at how they affect the health of the soil, the availability of water, biodiversity, and farmer livelihoods. The study's key findings indicate that organic farming has the potential to improve agricultural sustainability by boosting soil fertility, saving water resources, maintaining biodiversity, and delivering economic advantages to farmers. The study also examines market access, legislative assistance, public awareness initiatives, and obstacles and possibilities related to the adoption of organic farming in Jammu and Kashmir. Overall, the study highlights the relevance of organic farming as a sustainable agricultural practise that may improve the long-term welfare of farmers and the environment in Jammu and Kashmir.

"Shaping Political Landscapes: A Comparative Analysis of Ideological Shifts and Power Structures in 20th Century Democracies" Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
International Review of Practical Innovation, Technology and Green Energy (IRPITAGE) Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): November 2023 - February 2024
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/irpitage.v3i3.1278

ABSTRACT The 20th century was marked by significant political transformations, including the rise and fall of various ideologies, changes in governance structures, and shifts in global power dynamics. This study seeks to unravel the complexities of these changes, offering insights into the driving forces behind them and their implications for contemporary political thought and practice. It discusses key theories and concepts in political science, offering a solid foundation for the comparative analysis that follows. By examining a diverse set of case studies representing different regions and historical contexts, this research aims to provide a holistic perspective on the subject matter. It underscores the importance of historical context and regional variation in understanding the political evolution of these nations. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers and scholars to consider in the context of contemporary political challenges. It also suggests potential avenues for future research, as the subject matter continues to evolve in the 21st century. Through this comprehensive analysis, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics that have shaped political landscapes in democratic nations and their enduring impact on the present day.

EXPLORING SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF KASHMIR UNDER THE CHAK SULTANATE ERA Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): April (April-June)
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/morfai.v3i1.797

This research paper aims to explore the social structure of Kashmir during the Chak Sultanate era, which lasted from the 15th to the 16th century. Using primary sources, including historical accounts and inscriptions, this study provides an in-depth analysis of the social hierarchy, class system, and religious and ethnic diversity of the region during this period. The paper highlights the significant influence of Islam on the social fabric of Kashmir, as well as the role of the ruling elite in shaping the political and social landscape of the region. The research reveals that while the Chak Sultanate era was marked by a high degree of social stratification and inequality, it was also a period of cultural and intellectual flourishing, as evidenced by the development of art, literature, and architecture. Overall, this research sheds light on a crucial but understudied period in the history of Kashmir, offering insights into the social and cultural dynamics that continue to shape the region to this day.

BABUR’S MILITARY TACTICS AND TRIBAL WARFARE: ADAPTATION TO THE INDIAN CONTEXT Khalid Basir; Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/morfai.v4i3.2045

Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, is known for his military genius forged through years of Central Asia's complex world of politics. After Babur invaded India, he was faced by a new environment altogether, where he had to cope with established local and regional practices of warfare, like those practiced by Rajput’s and Afghan nobles. In this paper, the authors make a deliberate effort to trace the development of Babur's military strategies in response to the unique challenges of the Indian subcontinent. It masterfully combines older precepts of warfare from the steppes of Central Asia with newer technologies-having absorbed gunpowder, firearms, and cannons-it explains how Babur so elegantly welded horse archery and steppe warfare into this new framework. Synthesizing his native military heritage with an understanding of warfare traditions in India, Babur triumphantly established a new martial order, reshaped the battlefield, and cemented Mughal dominance in India.

BABUR’S MILITARY TACTICS AND TRIBAL WARFARE: ADAPTATION TO THE INDIAN CONTEXT Khalid Basir; Ishfaq Ahmad Mir
Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/morfai.v4i3.2148

Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, is known for his military genius forged through years of Central Asia's complex world of politics. After Babur invaded India, he was faced by a new environment altogether, where he had to cope with established local and regional practices of warfare, like those practiced by Rajput’s and Afghan nobles. In this paper, the authors make a deliberate effort to trace the development of Babur's military strategies in response to the unique challenges of the Indian subcontinent. It masterfully combines older precepts of warfare from the steppes of Central Asia with newer technologies-having absorbed gunpowder, firearms, and cannons-it explains how Babur so elegantly welded horse archery and steppe warfare into this new framework. Synthesizing his native military heritage with an understanding of warfare traditions in India, Babur triumphantly established a new martial order, reshaped the battlefield, and cemented Mughal dominance in India.

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