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Chūn Zǐ Ér Nǚ (春子儿女) : Islamic and Indonesian Legal Perspective Laksita Putri, Adellia; Miftachul Ulum, Kefi; Khairunnisa, Maulida; Suganda, Rangga
Mauriduna: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 5 No 2 (2024): Mauriduna: Journal of Islamic Studies, November 2024
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Bahasa Arab Ar Raayah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37274/mauriduna.v5i2.1173

Abstract

Kesuksesan pemerintah China dalam menyediakan akses pendidikan bagi seluruh warganya dengan puncak lulusan pada tahun 2023 berjumlah 10 juta lulusan menjadi sebuah dilema, karena pemerintah China juga gagal menyediakan ketersediaan lapangan pekerja untuk menyerap lulusan tersebut. Tidak tersedianya lapangan pekerjaan tersebut meningkatkan presentase pengangguran pada tahun 2023 sebesar 21% dari tahun 2022, permasalahan tersebut menciptakan fenomena chūn zǐ ér nǚ atau full-time children sebagai profesi baru bagi generasi muda China, sebanyak 4000 orang dalam sosial media Douban yang telah mendeklarasikan berprofesi sebagai full-time children. Fenomena tersebut akan diteliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan data penelitian yang bersumber dari kepustakaan, berita dan informasi negara. Data-data tersebut dikaji menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analisis, deskriptif komparatif dan beberapa pendekatan untuk memberikan hasil penelitian yang integrative seperti pendekatan behavioristic, kultural, hukum dan islam. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan berbagai macam faktor yang menyebabkan fonemana chūn zǐ ér nǚ dan faktor-faktor tersebut juga terjadi di Indonesia, sehingga fenomena tersebut memiliki probabilitas menyebar ke generasi muda perkotaan khususnya. Dalam kajian tradisional dan kultural, fenomena tersebut bukan suatu profesi, melainkan pendidikan tradisional yang ada di sosial kemasyarakatan Indonesia. Namun, dalam pendekatan hukum, fenomena tersebut merupakan suatu hubungan hukum antara pekerja dengan pemberi kerja dengan prestasi, hak dan kewajiban dari timbulnya hubungan hukum melalui perikatan atau perjanjian kerja, hal tersebut berdasarkan kecakapan hukum dari generasi muda China yang telah mencapai usia cakap hukum. Pemerintah perlu untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan dalam negeri seperti faktor ekonomi, faktor pendidikan dan faktor generasi sebagai faktor yang terjadi di China, faktor-faktor tersebut dapat menghambat program Indonesia emas 2045. The Chinese government's success in providing access to education for all its citizens, with a peak of 10 million graduates in 2023, is a dilemma because the Chinese government has also failed to provide employment opportunities to absorb these graduates. The unavailability of jobs increases the percentage of unemployment in 2023 by 21% from 2022. This problem creates the phenomenon of chūn zǐ ér nǚ, or full-time children, as a new profession for China's young generation. As many as 4000 people on Douban social media have declared their profession as a full-time child. This phenomenon will be researched using qualitative research methods with research data sourced from literature, news, and state information. These data were studied using descriptive analysis, comparative descriptive approaches, and several approaches to provide integrative research results, such as behavioristic, cultural, legal, and Islamic approaches. In this research, various factors were found that cause phonemana chūn zǐ ér nǚ, and these factors also occur in Indonesia, so this phenomenon has the possibility of spreading to the urban younger generation in particular. In traditional and cultural studies, this phenomenon is not a profession but traditional education that exists in Indonesian society. However, in a legal sense, this phenomenon is a legal relationship between workers and employers with achievements, rights, and obligations resulting from the emergence of a legal relationship through employment agreements or agreements. This is based on the legal skills of China's young generation, who have reached legal age. The government needs to resolve domestic problems such as economic factors, educational factors, and generational factors that occur in China. These factors can hinder the Indonesia Gold 2045 programme.
SENGKETA DALAM KONTRAK PENDANAAN DIGITAL: ANALISIS HUKUM KEPERDATAAN DAN ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIANNYA Miftachul Ulum, Kefi; Ariyanti, Sari; Suganda, Rangga; Rahmawati, Dewi; Khotimah, Husnul
Jurnal AL-MAQASID: Jurnal Ilmu Kesyariahan dan Keperdataan Vol 10, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24952/almaqasid.v10i2.11601

Abstract

Securities crowdfunding is a service that funds MSMEs and start-up companies using standard agreements. The agreement used contains clauses containing moral hazard from the service provider company in the form of forcing service users not to involve the provider in the event of a dispute, whereas if the legal relationship is explained, the provider acts as an intermediary for service users with a central role, so that without the provider, such digital funding will not occur. This information technology-based funding activity is covered by Financial Services Authority Regulation No. 57 of 2020 concerning Securities Offerings through Information Technology-Based Crowdfunding Services and Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 16 of 2021 Amendment to Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 57 of 2020 concerning Securities Offerings Through Services Information Technology-Based Crowdfunding. The use of the standard agreement refers to Article 64(1) of POJK 57 2020 with the principles of balance, justice, and fairness. The agreement clause also contains unclear dispute resolution related to sharia funding, and service users will also experience the potential risk of disputes between organizers, issuers, and investors, as well as risks related to investment. Normative legal research is used as a research method that is classified in library research using a statute approach as an approach to contractual analysis and dispute resolution hierarchies by breaking down various laws and technical regulations from the Financial Services Authority. Analysis with this approach was found in the study of Article 1338 of the Civil Code requiring contracts to be made in accordance with the law, but the agreement clauses used did not apply the principles of justice, norms, and morality. Apart from that, a hierarchy was found in digital-based and offline-based dispute resolution with clustering the level of each problem or dispute. This level of clustering is a codification of the breakdown results carried out by the compiler of interrelated regulations, which are classified as internal dispute resolution and external dispute resolution.
Analisis Penetapan Hukum Islam Terhadap Perkembangan Cryptocurrency Melalui Pendekatan Saddu Dzari’ah Imeldalius, Imeldalius; SUGANDA, RANGGA; Makraja, Fahmi; Ulum, Kefi Miftachul Miftachul; Nimah, Rodhotun
Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam Vol 10, No 3 (2024): JIEI : Vol.10, No.3, 2024
Publisher : ITB AAS INDONESIA Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29040/jiei.v10i3.14405

Abstract

Era digital telah memberikan disrupsi pada tatanan kehidupan tidak terkecuali pada sektor pembayaran, salah satunya ialah keberadaan dari cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency merupakan aset digital yang sengaja dirancang untuk bekerja sebagai media pertukaran yang menggunakan kriptografi (praktik melindungi informasi melalui penggunaan algoritme, kode, hash, dan tanda tangan) yang kuat untuk mengamankan transaksi keuangan, mengontrol penciptaan unit tambahan, dan memverifikasi transfer aset. Meningkatnya pengguna cryptocurrency di Indonesia pada setiap tahunya, membuat fenomena mata uang kripto mendapatkan perhatian yang luas sehingga pemerintah pun telah mengeluarkan regulasi dan begitu pula para kalangan ulama yang telah memberikan fatwanya. Fakta perkembangan cryptocurrency diyakini masih menimbulkan risiko-risiko yang merugikan masyarakat sehingga untuk melihat hal demikian perlu analisis penetapan hukum untuk keberadaan dari cryptocurrency salah satunya ialah dengan metode penetapan hukum sad dzari’ah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menganalisa dan mengkaji kedudukan cryptocurrency dalam Islam dengan menggunakan pendekatan sad dzari’ah. Hasil penelitian untuk penetapan hukum cryptocurrency dengan menggunakan pendekatan saddu dzari’ah, dianalisis berdasarkan motif, syarat legalitas, dan keragaman dari saddu dzari’ah. Hasilnya menunjukan penetapan hukum cryptocurrency saat ini masih memberikan kesimpulan kepada sesuatu yang banyak mendatangkan kemudharatan ketimbang kemashlahatan bagi umat manusia, atas dasar masih banyak menimbulkan kerugian finansial, tidak mempunyai underlying aset, adanya unsur gharar, maysir, oleh karna itu hadirnya cryptocurrency masih menimbulkan risiko yang lebih besar dari pada manfaatnya.
Analisis Penetapan Hukum Islam Terhadap Perkembangan Cryptocurrency Melalui Pendekatan Saddu Dzari’ah Imeldalius, Imeldalius; SUGANDA, RANGGA; Makraja, Fahmi; Ulum, Kefi Miftachul Miftachul; Nimah, Rodhotun
Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam Vol. 10 No. 3 (2024): JIEI : Vol.10, No.3, 2024
Publisher : ITB AAS INDONESIA Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29040/jiei.v10i3.14405

Abstract

Era digital telah memberikan disrupsi pada tatanan kehidupan tidak terkecuali pada sektor pembayaran, salah satunya ialah keberadaan dari cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency merupakan aset digital yang sengaja dirancang untuk bekerja sebagai media pertukaran yang menggunakan kriptografi (praktik melindungi informasi melalui penggunaan algoritme, kode, hash, dan tanda tangan) yang kuat untuk mengamankan transaksi keuangan, mengontrol penciptaan unit tambahan, dan memverifikasi transfer aset. Meningkatnya pengguna cryptocurrency di Indonesia pada setiap tahunya, membuat fenomena mata uang kripto mendapatkan perhatian yang luas sehingga pemerintah pun telah mengeluarkan regulasi dan begitu pula para kalangan ulama yang telah memberikan fatwanya. Fakta perkembangan cryptocurrency diyakini masih menimbulkan risiko-risiko yang merugikan masyarakat sehingga untuk melihat hal demikian perlu analisis penetapan hukum untuk keberadaan dari cryptocurrency salah satunya ialah dengan metode penetapan hukum sad dzari’ah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menganalisa dan mengkaji kedudukan cryptocurrency dalam Islam dengan menggunakan pendekatan sad dzari’ah. Hasil penelitian untuk penetapan hukum cryptocurrency dengan menggunakan pendekatan saddu dzari’ah, dianalisis berdasarkan motif, syarat legalitas, dan keragaman dari saddu dzari’ah. Hasilnya menunjukan penetapan hukum cryptocurrency saat ini masih memberikan kesimpulan kepada sesuatu yang banyak mendatangkan kemudharatan ketimbang kemashlahatan bagi umat manusia, atas dasar masih banyak menimbulkan kerugian finansial, tidak mempunyai underlying aset, adanya unsur gharar, maysir, oleh karna itu hadirnya cryptocurrency masih menimbulkan risiko yang lebih besar dari pada manfaatnya.
Repositioning of Religious Courts in Resolving Bankruptcy Disputes in Islamic Banking Arimba, Cahya Iradi; Suganda, Rangga
Electronic Journal of Education, Social Economics and Technology Vol 6, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : SAINTIS Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33122/ejeset.v6i1.541

Abstract

The repositioning of the Religious Court in handling Islamic banking bankruptcy cases in Indonesia is still a topic of discussion in the community. This is inseparable from the fact that there is still a difference between regulation and reality. Given that so far the resolution of Islamic banking bankruptcy disputes is still the field of authority of the Commercial Court, which should and should have been resolved under the authority of the Religious Court. Many broad and complex dimensions become the benchmark for why bankruptcy in Islamic banking should be resolved under the Religious Court, there are at least three aspects that can be studied, namely, covering philosophical, sociological, and juridical aspects. This research aims to analyse the philosophical, sociological and juridical bases of the repositioning and its implications for legal protection for debtors and creditors in Islamic banking insolvency cases. Philosophically, this repositioning seeks to uphold the principle of justice contained in Islamic law, where the principle of al-adl (justice) is the basis for resolving economic cases, including in the context of Islamic banking. From a sociological perspective, this repositioning is a response to public demand for a legal system that better reflects sharia values. Juridically, this repositioning is based on existing regulations, namely Law No. 3 of 2006 on Religious Courts and Law No. 21 of 2008 on Islamic Banking and Supreme Court Regulation (Perma) No.14 of 2016 on Procedures for Settling Sharia Economic Disputes, which gives the Religious Courts the authority to handle sharia economic cases. The implications of this repositioning include better legal protection for debtors and creditors, increased accountability and transparency in settlements, and increased legal certainty in the Islamic banking sector. This repositioning is expected to strengthen the integration between sharia law and state law, create a fairer, more transparent, and equitable justice system for all parties involved, and increase public confidence in the Islamic banking system in Indonesia.
SENGKETA DALAM KONTRAK PENDANAAN DIGITAL: ANALISIS HUKUM KEPERDATAAN DAN ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIANNYA Miftachul Ulum, Kefi; Ariyanti, Sari; Suganda, Rangga; Rahmawati, Dewi; Khotimah, Husnul
Jurnal AL-MAQASID: Jurnal Ilmu Kesyariahan dan Keperdataan Vol 10, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24952/almaqasid.v10i2.11601

Abstract

Securities crowdfunding is a service that funds MSMEs and start-up companies using standard agreements. The agreement used contains clauses containing moral hazard from the service provider company in the form of forcing service users not to involve the provider in the event of a dispute, whereas if the legal relationship is explained, the provider acts as an intermediary for service users with a central role, so that without the provider, such digital funding will not occur. This information technology-based funding activity is covered by Financial Services Authority Regulation No. 57 of 2020 concerning Securities Offerings through Information Technology-Based Crowdfunding Services and Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 16 of 2021 Amendment to Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 57 of 2020 concerning Securities Offerings Through Services Information Technology-Based Crowdfunding. The use of the standard agreement refers to Article 64(1) of POJK 57 2020 with the principles of balance, justice, and fairness. The agreement clause also contains unclear dispute resolution related to sharia funding, and service users will also experience the potential risk of disputes between organizers, issuers, and investors, as well as risks related to investment. Normative legal research is used as a research method that is classified in library research using a statute approach as an approach to contractual analysis and dispute resolution hierarchies by breaking down various laws and technical regulations from the Financial Services Authority. Analysis with this approach was found in the study of Article 1338 of the Civil Code requiring contracts to be made in accordance with the law, but the agreement clauses used did not apply the principles of justice, norms, and morality. Apart from that, a hierarchy was found in digital-based and offline-based dispute resolution with clustering the level of each problem or dispute. This level of clustering is a codification of the breakdown results carried out by the compiler of interrelated regulations, which are classified as internal dispute resolution and external dispute resolution.