Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
0.444
P-Index
This Author published in this journals
All Journal Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International
Abdulkareem, H. A.
Unknown Affiliation
Arts Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Mechanical Engineering Social Sciences

Published : 2 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 2 Documents
Search

 1 
Adaptive Q-Learning-Based Radio Resource Management Optimization in 5G and Beyond Heterogeneous-heterogeneous Networks: A Comprehensive Review Abdulkadir, Abubakar; Kabir, Mahmoud T.; Abdulkareem, H. A.; Abdullahi, ZM
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i1.4578

Abstract

This paper reviews advanced radio resource management (RRM) optimization techniques in 5G and beyond heterogeneous-heterogeneous networks (Het-HetNets). Key innovations include fairness-aware models for mmWave 5G, machine learning (ML)-driven traffic management, and game-theoretic approaches for interference mitigation in Massive MIMO systems. Blockchain technology emerges as a promising tool for secure spectrum sharing, while deep learning enhances handover management and resource allocation. Hybrid frameworks, such as deep reinforcement learning and non-orthogonal multiple access, address energy efficiency and quality of service (QoS) challenges for IoT, autonomous vehicles, and smart cities. Despite these advancements, challenges like scalability, computational complexity, and data privacy persist. Q-learning-based adaptive RRM frameworks demonstrate potential for optimizing energy and spectral efficiency by addressing dynamic network conditions. The integration of ML with blockchain enables secure and decentralized RRM. Critical research gaps identified include scalability, real-time deployment, and interference management in ultra-dense networks. This review highlights the importance of scalable, efficient, and adaptive solutions to advance the telecommunications system.
Design and Analysis of Rectangular and Circular Microstrip Patch Antennas for 2.45 GHz ISM-Band Applications Abubakar, Abdulkadir; Abubakar, Aliyu Umar; Abdulkareem, H. A.; Hamza, Jamilu Bala; Sani, Zahraddeen Lawan
Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International Vol 3 No 2 (2026): Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mjaei.v3i2.9125

Abstract

This paper presents the design, parametric analysis, and comparative evaluation of rectangular and circular microstrip patch antennas operating at 2.45 GHz in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band for wireless communication applications. Both antenna configurations were fabricated on a low-cost FR-4 dielectric substrate (εr = 4.5, thickness = 1.6 mm) to ensure compatibility with standard printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing processes. The rectangular patch was designed with dimensions of 38.5 mm × 29.2 mm, while the circular patch had a radius of 16.42 mm; both were optimized using cavity-model formulations and closed-form analytical equations. A 50-Ω microstrip feed line with a width of 2.88 mm was employed for impedance matching. Comprehensive parametric studies were conducted to examine the influence of geometric parameters on resonance frequency, bandwidth, and radiation characteristics. The simulation results demonstrate that both antennas achieve satisfactory impedance matching, with S₁₁ < −10 dB at the target frequency. The rectangular configuration produces a directional radiation pattern suitable for point-to-point links, whereas the circular design provides near-omnidirectional coverage with potential for circular polarization. Comparative analysis against four recent literature designs indicates that the proposed antennas achieve competitive performance in terms of compactness, fabrication simplicity, and cost-effectiveness without requiring complex modifications such as slots or parasitic elements. The study concludes that rectangular and circular microstrip patch antennas fabricated on FR-4 substrates offer practical, low-profile, and integrable solutions for WLAN, IoT, and biomedical applications requiring compact and cost-effective antenna structures.
Co-Authors Abdulkadir, Abubakar Abdullahi, ZM Abubakar, Abdulkadir Abubakar, Aliyu Umar Hamza, Jamilu Bala Kabir, Mahmoud T. Sani, Zahraddeen Lawan