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All Journal Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia
Nyamukondiwa, Melisa
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Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Severe Malaria Risk Factors in Lupane District, Zimbabwe. A Retrospective Cohort Study Batera, Same; Nyamukondiwa, Melisa; Susanna, Dewi; Wispriyono, Bambang
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 20, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v20i2.50324

Abstract

Zimbabwe envisions becoming a malaria-free country. However, a malaria resurgence has been reported in some of the elimination districts. This cohort study, guided by the Health Belief Model, aimed to examine risk factors associated with malaria severity in Lupane districts. Using proportionate stratified sampling, the study recruited 1207 individuals, comprising 1056 individuals who acquired malaria locally and 151 individuals who acquired malaria outside Lupane as captured in the DHIS2 electronic malaria-tracker database. The study used IBM SPSS 29.0.2.0(20)] for data analysis and odds ratios (ORs) were used to estimate relative risk (RR; 95% C.I; p0.05). The study revealed relative risk for individuals who had not traveled 29.7 (8.74; 100.0), no Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets 12.3 (7.02; 21.4), possessed LLINs but not used 7.83 (4.29; 14.3), hosted visitors 6.19 (4.16; 9.22), lived in rural residence 1.94 (1.35; 2.79), slept outdoors during the night 1.93 (1.36; 2.74), and adults 0.22(0.13; 0.36) compared to the corresponding reference groups. As the country continues to fight against malaria, it is critical to address perceived risk factors that can reintroduce the disease and sustain the gains made in malaria elimination districts.
Factors Affecting the Adoption of Malaria Interventions for Pregnant Women in Tanzania: Tanzania Demographic Health Survey 2022 Nyamukondiwa, Melisa; Adisasmita, Asri C.; Mahkota, Renti; Betera, Same
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 8, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Tanzania is endemic to malaria and pregnant women due to their vulnerability are among the high-risk groups. The adoption of malaria interventions targeted to pregnant women is affected by a number of factors. A cross-sectional study using secondary data from Tanzania Demographic Health Survey (TDHS) for 2022 was used. A logistic regression was used for bivariate analysis to identify factors affecting the adoption of malaria interventions during pregnancy in Tanzania. Data from pregnant women between 15 to 49 years (N=1408) were analyzed in this study. Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) were the main malaria prevention methods identified from the TDHS 2022. The results showed that insecticide treated nets ownership (83.0%) and its usage (85.5% of those who had ITN) was relatively high among pregnant women. More than half of the pregnant women (60.6%) received IPTp-SP during pregnancy. Marital status (ORmarried compared to not married=1.60; 95% CI: 1.15-2.24), education (ORsecondary level and higher compared to no education=1.43; 95% CI: 1.04-2.00) and Antenatal Care (ANC) visits (ORat least four ANC visits compared to no ANC=2.60, 95% CI: 1.40-4.82), and higher level wealth status and parity had statistically significant association with higher odds of using ITN. Age (OR≥35 years compared to 15-19 years=0.15, 95% CI: 0.05-0.50), education level (ORsecondary level and higher compared to no school=0.47, 95% CI: 0.27-0.79) and wealth status (at all levels, compared to the poorest) had statistically significant association with lower IPTp-SP uptake. Antenatal care visits should be maximized as an opportunity to distribute insecticide treated nets, give intermittent preventive medicine and education on malaria prevention. Future research should conduct multivariate analysis to determine independent predictors.
Association of Household Economic Status and Birth Order with Stunting Among Children Aged 24-35 Months: Malawi MICS 2019–20 Ngoma, Sibongire B; Adisasmita, Asri C.; Mahkota, Renti; Choirunisa, Septyana; Nyamukondiwa, Melisa
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Stunting remains a major public health concern in Malawi, with a national prevalence of 35.5% among children under five. However, evidence on the independent and combined effects of household economic status and birth order on stunting among Malawian children aged 24-35 months remains limited. This study aimed to examine the independent and combined association of household economic status and birth order with stunting among children aged 24-35 months in Malawi. A secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional 2019-20 Malawi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) was conducted, and the final sample comprised 2,764 children aged 24-35 months with complete data. Stunting was defined as a height-for-age Z-score below -2 SD. Weighted descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed, and potential confounding was assessed using stratified analyses and the change-in-estimate method (≥10% change in prevalence ratio). Multivariable models were specified a priori and included wealth index, birth order, child’s sex, and maternal education level. The weighted prevalence of stunting was 44.2% (95% CI: 41.3-47.1%). Household economic status, birth order, and their four-level combined variable were not independently associated with stunting after adjustment (p≥0.05). However, boys had a significantly higher prevalence ratio of stunting compared with girls (cPR= 1.23; 95% CI: 1.11-1.37; p Keywords: Stunting, Birth Order, Household Economic Status, Children Aged 24-35 Months, Cross-sectional Study, Malawi
Co-Authors Asri C. Adisasmita Bambang Wispriyono Batera, Same Betera, Same Dewi Susanna Ngoma, Sibongire B Renti Mahkota Septyana Choirunisa