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All Journal Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Media Medika Muda Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat : Media Komunikasi Komunitas Kesehatan Masyarakat Narra J Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal) Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia
Renti Mahkota
Department Of Epidemiology, Faculty Of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health

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Risk Factors of Malaria Incidence in Endemic Area of Central Java Renti Mahkota; Fajaria Nurcandra; Fitria Dewi Puspita Anggraini; Annisa Ika Putri; Bambang Wispriyono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 50, No 1 (2018): SUPPLEMENT
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (111.19 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedScieSup005001201808

Abstract

Malaria caused 212 million cases worldwide in 2015 which associated to environmental factors, ecology, and the presence of vectors. Annual paracite incidence (API) in Indonesia in 2011-2015 decreased. Unfortunately, malaria incidence always exist in Purworejo District which known as one of endemic area in Central Java. This research aimed to determine risk factors of malaria incidence in endemic area especially in Purworejo, Central Java. Logistc regression showed that period of residency 19-34 years (OR=1.612; 95% CI 0.853-3.046), period of residency >34 years (OR=2.050; 95% CI 1.036-4.060), male (OR=2.349; 95% CI 1.365-4.043), and education level less than junior high school (OR=1.677; 95% CI 0.976-2.882) as contributing risk factor to malaria incidence in Purworejo District.
PENGARUH KOMPLIKASI KEHAMILAN TERHADAP KEMATIAN NEONATAL DINI DI INDONESIA Arwinda Nugraheni; Renti Mahkota; Asri C Adisasmita
Media Medika Muda Vol 1, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Kematian neonatal dini merupakan penyumbang kematian bayi dan perinatal yang merupakan indikator derajat kesejahteraan dan kesehatan bangsa. Angka kematian bayi dan perinatal di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi dibanding negara Asia lainnya. Komplikasi kehamilan diduga menjadi faktor kuat kematian neonatal dini. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh adanya komplikasi kehamilan dan setiap jenis komplikasi kehamilan serta ingin mengetahui PAR (Population Attributle Risk) terhadap kematian neonatal dini di Indonesia pada anak yang lahir 2002–2007 terhadap kematian neonatal dini setelah dikendalikan seluruh confounding.Metode: Desain studi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah crossectional dengan analisis multivariat complex sample cox regression. Sampel penelitiansebanyak 13893 dari 33 provinsi Indonesia yang diambil dengan metode Stratified two-stage cluster design. Hasil: Hasil analisis menunjukkan komplikasi kehamilan terhadap kematian neonatal dini dimodifikasi oleh berat lahir. Peneliti membuat dua model untuk membuktikan pengaruh komplikasi kehamilan terhadap kematian neonatal dini. Pada model pertama, PR komplikasi kehamilan terhadap kematian neonatal dini pada strata berat lahir <2000 gram sebesar 28,74 (95%CI: 10,21-81,02) PAR 13,92%, pada stratum ≥2000 gram sebesar PR 1,03 (95%CI: 0,32-3,34) PAR 11,94%. Pada model kedua, PR prematuritas memiliki risiko tertinggi PR 3,98 (95%CI 1,36-11,63) dengan PAR 8,1%.Simpulan : Pemerintah dan masyarakat dapat meningkatkan efektivitas ANC untuk penurunan komplikasi kehamilan dan prematuritas.Kata kunci: Komplikasi kehamilan, kematian neonatal dini, SDKI 2007
Seroepidemiological investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk factors in Indonesia before mass COVID-19 vaccination Wahyono, Tri YM.; Mahkota, Renti; Nurcandra, Fajaria; Ansariadi, Ansariadi; Hidajah, Atik C.; Helda, Helda; Syahrul, Fariani; Dwinata, Indra; Kawi, Nurhayati
Narra J Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v5i1.1957

Abstract

At the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Indonesia, surveillance focused on finding and treating symptomatic cases. However, emerging evidence indicated that asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals significantly contributed to viral transmission. This highlights the need for comprehensive surveillance to understand better the actual spread of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the general population across Indonesia and identify risk factors associated with infection at the beginning of the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted across 17 provinces, 69 districts/cities, and 1,020 villages in Indonesia from December 22, 2020, to February 15, 2021. A multistage random sampling technique was employed. Serological testing using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2. Complex sample analysis, adjusted for weights, was utilized to estimate the national seroprevalence and a generalized linear model with a binomial distribution was applied to identify risk factors. A total of 10,161 individuals were included in the final analysis, with the national seroprevalence being 14.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 14.2–18.5). The prevalence was higher in females (16.8%; 95%CI: 12.5–22.3), individuals aged 46–59 years (18.6%; 95%CI: 14.2–24.0), and in urban areas (20.1%; 95%CI: 15.0–26.2). The highest prevalence was observed in North Maluku (35.6%; 95%CI: 29.3–42.5). Notably, 54.2% of seropositive individuals were asymptomatic, while 7.5% reported hypertension as a comorbidity. Factors associated with higher seroprevalence were being married (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 1.47; 95%CI: 1.02–2.12), widow (aPR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.01–3.00), and close contact with confirmed cases (aPR: 2.04; 95%CI: 1.52–2.73). This study revealed a COVID-19 prevalence significantly higher than official estimate in Indonesia, underscoring the need for improved surveillance system to more accurately track disease spread and to inform timely public health responses in the future.
Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kematian Pasien Penyakit Jantung Koroner di Pusat Jantung Nasional Harapan Kita Tahun 2004 Gobel, Fatmah A.; Mahkota, Renti
Kesmas Vol. 1, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Menurut estimasi WHO, sekitar 50% dari 12 juta penduduk dunia meninggal akibat penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah. Faktor prognosis pasien PJK dapat diubah dan dikendalikan, dan memungkinkan untuk mencegah kematian akibat PJK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor prognosis yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya kematian pasien PJK di PJN Harapan Kita Tahun 2004, menggunakan data sekunder (data rekam medik pasien). Variabel-variabel yang diteliti meliputi variabel independen (jaminan pembayaran, asal daerah/kawasan, penyakit penyerta hipertensi, diabetes melitus, dislipidemia dan riwayat PJK sebelumnya) dan variabel kovariat (umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan dan pekerjaan). Desain epidemiologi yang digunakan adalah analitik kasus kontrol dengan jumlah kasus 130, kontrol 260 (1 : 2). Kasus adalah pasien PJK yang meninggal dibuktikan dengan ringkasan pasien meninggal, kontrol adalah pasien yang keluar hidup. Data di analisis multivariat. Hasil penelitian, jaminan pembayaran dan asal daerah/kawasan berhubungan dengan terjadinya kematian pasien. Pasien dengan pembayaran pribadi dan yang berasal dari Jawa berisiko lebih tinggi untuk meninggal daripada pasien dengan jaminan pembayaran Askes dan yang berasal dari luar Jawa. Masyarakat disarankan menjadi peserta asuransi kesehatan atau jaminan pemeliharaan kesehatan lain. Penelitian lain perlu mempertimbangkan keganasan penyakit sehingga hubungan antara faktor prognosis dan kematian dapat lebih jelas untuk setiap tahap penyakit. According to WHO estimate, about 50% people died each year on the world caused by heart and arterial diseases. There are many prognostic factors of heart diseases that could be changed and controlled; therefore this disease is preventable regarding the mortality. This study aimed to understand prognostic factors related to mortality among coronary heart disease. The source of data is secondary data patient medical record at Harapan Kita National Heart Centre in 2004. The independent variables were health insurance, place of origin, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia, and previous history of CHD while covariate variables were age, gender, education, and occupation. The study design is case-control study with 130 cases and 260 controls (1:2). Cases were death CHD patients confirmed by death summary record, controls were survivor patients. Data were analyzed in multivariate ways. The study results shows that health insurance and place of origin were associated to patient’s mortality. Patients without insurance have higher risk to die then patients with Askes health insurance. Patients came from Java island have higher risk to die then those who came from outside Java. Public is recommended to be member of health insurance. Other research need to be conducted by considering the severity of the diseases and therefore the relationship between prognostic factors and outcome could be clearer for each stage of disease.
Faktor Lingkungan Fisik Rumah, Respon Biologis dan Kejadian TBC Paru di Indonesia Mahpudin, A. H.; Mahkota, Renti
Kesmas Vol. 1, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Sampai kini, Tuberkulosis (TBC) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting di dunia. Menurut laporan WHO, di seluruh dunia setiap tahun ditemukan sekitar 8 juta kasus baru. Indonesia merupakan negara penyumbang kasus TBC terbesar ketiga setelah India dan Cina dengan perkiraan jumlah kasus pada 2003 adalah 627.047 penderita dan 281.946 kasus merupakan TBC paru BTA positif. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kondisi lingkungan rumah, faktor sosial ekonomi dan faktor respon biologis terhadap kejadian TBC paru BTA positif pada penduduk dewasa di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Survei Prevalensi TBC Nasional dan Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun 2004 dengan rancangan studi kasus kontrol dengan rasio kasus dan kontrol 1:4. Populasi penelitian ini adalah penduduk berumur 15 tahun keatas. Sampel adalah responden Susenas 2004 sebanyak 380 orang yang terdiri dari 76 kasus dan 304 kontrol. Kasus adalah penduduk dewasa yang didiagnosis TBC berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan sputum BTA positif. Kontrol adalah penduduk yang yang berasal dari kecamatan yang sama dengan kasus dengan hasil BTA negatif. Ditemukan bahwa faktor faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian TBC Paru adalah sumber kontak serumah OR = 3,46 (1,316; 9,091) kondisi rumah yang berlantai tanah OR = 2,2 (1,135; 4,269) dan pendapatan perkapita OR = 2,145 (1,249; 3,683). Disarankan untuk melaksanakan program penemuan kasus secara aktif khusus untuk masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah, terutama untuk deteksi dini, pengobatan secara cepat dan tepat, melaksanakan program penemuan kasus secara aktif, dan program rumah sehat masyarakat miskin. Globally, Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health problem until today. Based on WHO report, about 8 millions of new TB cases are found every year. Indonesia is the third biggest contributor country of TB cases after India and China with estimated number of 627.047 infected and 282.946 with positive smear test (BTA) in 2003. The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between house environment condition, socio-economic factor, biological response and TB. This study used secondary source of data from National TB Prevalence Survey (SPTBC) and National Social and Economic Survey (Susenas) in 2004. The study design used is case control study, with ratio of case and control of 1:4. The study population is >15 years old age group. The number of sample is 380 persons, consisting of 76 cases and 304 controls. Cases are people with positive sputum test and controls are people with negative sputum test selected randomly. The study results show that factors associated with TB are the presence of contact source in one house with OR = 3.46 (1.316-9.091), condition of the house with soil floor OR = 2.2 (1.135-4.269) and private income OR 2.145 (1.249-3.683). According to those findings, it was recommended to the policy maker to conduct active case finding program for the low-income group of people, early detection, quick treatment, active case finding program, and healthy housing for the poor.
Public Perception and Obedience with Social Distancing Policies during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Jakarta, Indonesia Widyamurti, Widyamurti; Sitorus, Edwina Bernita; Susanna, Dewi; Wispriyono, Bambang; Kusuma, Aria; Mahkota, Renti
Kesmas Vol. 17, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The Indonesian Government established a social distancing policy to prevent COVID-19 transmission. However, this implementation will be ineffective without the compliance of the people. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between public perception and obedience with social distancing in terms of the variables based on the Health Belief Model. This study used a cross-sectional design with a population of Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta’s indigenes within the productive age of 15-64 years. The sample comprised 408 participants, with the independent variables of sociodemographics (age, gender, occupation, and education) and health beliefs (perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy). Meanwhile, obedience to social distancing was the dependent variable. Data were obtained through an online questionnaire and evaluated with the bivariate and multivariate analysis using Chi-square and logistic regression tests. Gender (OR = 2.327; 95% CI = 1.404-3.857) and perceived self-efficacy (OR = 2.609; 95% CI = 1.726-3.945) were significantly related to social distancing obedience. Meanwhile, no statistical correlation (p-value>0.05) was found with sociodemographics, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers. The males with low self-efficacy were more likely to disobey the social distancing policies. The individual’s self-efficacy perception increased with their level of obedience to social distancing policies.
Adverse Effect of Aerosol Pesticide on Lung Dysfunction amongPaddy Farmers in Purworejo, Central Java, Indonesia Nurcandra, Fajaria; Mahkota, Renti; Miko Wahyono, Tri Yunis
Kesmas Vol. 15, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The World Health Organization estimated that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will be the highest non-communicable disease worldwide by2030, and pesticide exposure is one of major risk factors. This study aimed to determine effect of pesticide exposure on lung dysfunction among paddyfarmers. A case-control study was performed on April - May 2016 in Purworejo. The case group comprised 66 farmers suffering from lung dysfunction during2015 based on medical records, while the control group comprised 59 neighboring farmers showing normal lung function. Both case and control groups weretested using a spirometer and COPD assessment test (CAT) questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis of pesticide quantity (OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.317 -1.754) and duration of spraying (OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.430 - 2.891) adjusted for confounders showed no clear associations. Pesticide remained a potentialhealth risk for lung dysfunction due to farming duration (OR = 5.61; 95% CI = 1.124 - 27.990) adjusted by age, personal protective equipment, records of lungdisease, smoking habit, dust exposure, and indoor air pollution. The farming duration was revealed to be a risk factor, but no clear association was found between quantity and duration of spraying to lung dysfunction.
Exclusive Breastfeeding and Decrease of Upper respiratory Infection Incidence among Infants Aged 6-12 Months in Kampar District, Riau Province Rustam, Musfardi; Mahkota, Renti; Kodim, Nasrin
Kesmas Vol. 13, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of infants and toddlers in developing countries. The high infant morbidity and mortality rates in Indonesia are associated with the low exclusive breastfeeding ability. Breast milk is a natural drink for newborns in the first month of life that is beneficial not only for the babies, but also for mothers. The aim of study was to determine exclusive breastfeeding and decrease in incidence of URI among infants aged 6-12 months. This study was conducted by using case control design. Samples were taken by using cluster random sampling. Subject of study consisted of 162 cases and 162 control with infants aged 6-12 years. Cases were 162 infants aged 6-12 months suffering from URI within one last month and taken by mothers to primary health care that was selected location of study, while control was mothers who took their infants aged 6-12 months who did not suffer from URI within one last month to the selected primary health care. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate, stratification, and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. Results of study found that infants who were not exclusively breastfed were 1.69 times (95% CI: 1.02-2.80) more at risk of increasing URI incidence compared to infants who were breastfed exclusively after controlled by smoker in house and immunization variables. Health promotion of 6-month exclusive breastfeeding, provision of immunization, and anti-smoking program need to be implemented continuously to decrease the rates of morbidity and mortality due to URI disease.
Effect of Personal Protective Equipment during Pesticide Application to Neurological Symptoms in Farmers in Purworejo District, Indonesia Nurcandra, Fajaria; Mahkota, Renti; Shivalli, Siddharudha
Kesmas Vol. 12, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Agriculture is one of major sectors of Indonesia economic source with the high volume of pesticide used. Unfortunately, adverse health effect of neurotoxic pesticide has never been reported in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine effectiveness of personal protective equipment (PPE) during applied pesticides to neurological symptoms in farmers. This study was cross-sectionally conducted from April to May 2016 in Purworejo District. About 125 farmers were selected using purposive sampling, and restriction was applied in male farmers due to the high proportion of male sprayer. Data was collected by observation and interview. Logistic regression showed protective result of PPE used during preparing (POR=0.402; 95% CI 0.114-1.423) and spraying (POR = 0.382; 95% CI 0.110-1.320), also following wind direction (POR = 0.882; 95% CI 0.271-2.872) and bathing after spraying (POR=0.328; 95% CI 0.036-3.006) after controlled by confounders. Proper PPE used during preparing and spraying pesticide, following wind direction during spraying, and bathing after spraying can decrease risk of neurological symptoms because of pesticide exposure.
Risk Factors of COVID-19 Infection Among Health Workers Post-Vaccination in Jakarta Saputra, Rahmat; Prihartono, Nurhayati Adnan; Sudaryo, Mondastri Korib; Mahkota, Renti; Devita, Yeni; Arisanti, Ni Wayan Deisy
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

One of the best approaches to stop the COVID-19 pandemic is vaccination. In Indonesia, the first round of vaccinations was prioritized for health workers on January 14, 2021 (first dose) and March 1, 2021 (second dose). However, some health workers who have been vaccinated were found to be reinfected after receiving the second dose. This cross-sectional study examined the risk factors for COVID-19 infection among health workers after vaccination using secondary and primary data. The data analysis was carried out in univariate (examining the frequency distribution and proportion of independent variables), bivariate (Chi-square test to explore the relationship between independent and dependent variables), and multivariate (Logistic Regression to assess the strength of the relationship between independent and dependent variables). The results showed that the variables associated with post-vaccination infection included COVID19 infection history (PR: 2.16, p-value <0.05), age (PR: 0.64, p-value <0.05), hypertension (PR: 1.52, p-value <0.05), direct contact with patients (PR: 2.02, p-value <0.05). It is recommended that health workers aged >37 years with a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or previous COVID-19 infection, working directly with patients, and using Personal Protective Equipment level 1 daily should be prioritized for booster vaccinations.
Co-Authors A. H. Mahpudin A.H. Mahpudin Adelina Fitri Adwiyah, Rabiatul Anggraini, Fitria Dewi Puspita Annisa Ika Putri Ansariadi Ansariadi Aria Kusuma Aria Kusuma Arisanti, Ni Wayan Deisy Armen, Fadhil Arwinda Nugraheni Asri C. Adisasmita Bambang Wispriyono Berliana Situmeang Betera, Same Devita, Yeni Dewi Susanna Dwi Agus Setiabudi Dwinata, Indra Edwina Bernita Sitorus Eka Malfasari Elvieda Sariwati Elvita, Nina Fahrul Rizal, Fahrul Fariani Syahrul Fatmah A. Gobel Fatmah A. Gobel Helda Helda Hidajah, Atik C. Irwan Muryanto Kawi, Nurhayati Laila, Nenden Hikmah Marwanty, Marwanty Mega Utami Basra Miko Wahyono, Tri Yunis Mira Maryani Latifa Muryanto, Irwan Nasrin Kodim Nasrin Kodim Nenden Hikmah Laila Ni Ketut Susilarini Nurcandra, Fajaria Nuryanti, Yusni Nyamukondiwa, Melisa Prihartono, Nurhayati Adnan Rajunitrigo Sukirman Rajunitrigo, Rajunitrigo Rini Handayani Rustam, Musfardi Saputra, Rahmat Sariwati, Elvieda Setiabudi, Dwi Agus Shivalli, Siddharudha Siregar, Fajri Marindra Sitorus, Edwina Bernita Situmeang, Berliana Sudaryo, Mondastri Korib Sukarsi Rusti Syahrizal Syarif Syarif, Syahrizal Vivi Setiawaty Wahyono, Tri YM. Widyamurti Widyamurti Widyamurti, Widyamurti Wignjadiputro, Ira