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All Journal Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences (MCBS) Jurnal Ners
Syari, Lucky Novita
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing

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COVID-19: Gambaran Umum dan Potensi Efek Imunomodulasi Sekretom yang Berasal dari Sel Punca Mesenkimal sebagai Agen Terapi Syari, Lucky Novita; Wibowo, Heri
Jurnal Ners Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): JANUARI 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jn.v9i1.33477

Abstract

COVID-19 (penyakit virus korona 2019), wabah yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2 baru (sindrom pernapasan akut berat virus korona-2) pertama kali muncul di Wuhan, Tiongkok pada akhir tahun 2019. Pada beberapa kasus, infeksi SARS-CoV-2 dapat mengakibatkan aktivasi sistem kekebalan tubuh yang tidak terkendali, berpuncak pada kejadian badai sitokin, bahkan berujung pada sindrom gangguan pernapasan akut (ARDS). Badai sitokin terjadi sebagai respon berlebihan tubuh dalam upaya menghalangi transmisi virus, namun demikian hal ini juga memicu kerusakan jaringan yang menginduksi pelepasan berbagai faktor inflamasi. Faktor-faktor ini dapat berkontribusi pada penyakit dengan kondisi kritis termasuk sepsis, keganasan, bahkan kematian. Hingga saat ini, belum terdapat pengobatan yang secara mutlak dapat digunakan untuk mengobati COVID-19. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SPM (sel punca mesenkimal) dapat mengendalikan badai sitokin melalui sifat imunomodulasinya. Sayangnya, pengobatan berbasis SPM masih terhambat oleh permasalahan seperti keefektivan, keamanan penggunaan, skala produksi, dan biaya yang mahal. Efek parakrin SPM diperankan oleh sekretom melalui berbagai zat yang disekresikannya. Sekretom digambarkan sebagai kumpulan faktor bioaktif yang disekresikan oleh SPM, menunjukkan efek terapeutik yang serupa dengan SPM, tetapi dapat menghindari efek samping yang ditimbulkan pada terapi berbasis SPM. Sekretom yang berasal dari SPM diketahui dapat memberikan sinyal antiapoptotik dan pro-survival pada sel target yang memungkinkan perbaikan pada sel target dan regenerasi jaringan melalui aktivasi mekanisme antiapoptotik. Dalam ulasan ini, kami akan membahas tentang COVID-19, mekanismenya dalam menyebabkan badai sitokin, dan potensi sekretom sebagai terapi COVID-19.
UC-MSCs Secretome Induces Proliferation of CD4+ T Cells, CD8+ T Cells, NK Cells, and Increases sPD-1 Levels in Severe COVID-19’s Whole Blood Soleha, Winna; Wibowo, Heri; Abdullah, Murdani; Pradipta, Saraswati; Syari, Lucky Novita; Liem, Isabella Kurnia; Bustami, Arleni; Rozaliyan, Anna
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i1.538

Abstract

Background: Clinical features of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predominantly include respiratory symptoms and exacerbated multi-organ complications, especially in patients with comorbidities. Cellular immunity, including lymphocytes, is a critical factor in combating SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, immune dysregulation occurs in severe COVID-19 patients, characterized by cytokine storm and lymphopenia. The effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies for COVID-19 is being assessed. The secretome released by MSC functions similarly to the cells themselves as an immunomodulator, offering potential advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness. This study was conducted to assess the effect of umbilical cord MSC-derived (UC-MSC) secretome treatment on lymphocyte count and soluble programmed cell death-1 (sPD-1) levels in severe COVID-19 patient's whole blood.Materials and methods: Twelve whole blood samples from healthy individuals and severe COVID-19 patients were analyzed for lymphocyte count and functional activation using flow cytometry, along with sPD-1 level measurement in pre-treatment and post-secretome conditions.Results: The lymphocyte count in severe COVID-19 patients was significantly decreased, particularly for T cells and NK cells, indicating lymphopenia. Following secretome treatment, CD4+ T cell counts significantly increased compared to pre-treatment, although this change was not significant in the negative control group. Additionally, there was a minimal reduction in B cell count and an increase in sPD-1 levels. Elevated sPD-1 may alleviate T cell exhaustion by interfering with PD-1 binding to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1).Conclusion: Administration of UC-MSC secretome to the whole blood of severe COVID-19 patients suggested immune improvement, with significant increases in CD4+ T cell counts, enhanced B cell survival, and elevated sPD-1 levels. Keywords: COVID-19, cellular immunity, lymphocytes, secretome, MSC
Co-Authors Arleni Bustami Heri Wibowo Liem, Isabella Kurnia Murdani Abdullah Pradipta, Saraswati Rozaliyan, Anna Soleha, Winna