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Journal : BIO PALEMBANICA

Mass Mortality of Water Buffalo Bubalus bubalis (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) in Indonesia: A Two-Decade Retrospective Diah Komala Sari; Arfan Abrar; Nur Arifah; Gusti Ayu Widayanti; Arisandi, Muhammad Diki Wahyu; Ina Aprillia; Muhammad Iqbal
BIO PALEMBANICA Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Bio Palembanica
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan Kepustakaan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36982/bio.v2i2.5916

Abstract

Water Buffalo Bubalus bubalis are an essential livestock species in Indonesia. However, mass mortality events have been reported in recent years, highlighting the need for better understanding and management of the causes of these cases. This study presents the first comprehensive retrospective analysis of B. bubalis mortality events in Indonesia between 2010 and 2025. Data were compiled from scientific reports, government records, media coverage, and citizen science platforms. A total of 34 documented events were identified, with most attributed to infectious diseases, particularly Septicemia Epizootica (SE) caused by Pasteurella multocida. Environmental stressors such as floods and droughts, along with parasitic infections like Surra, were also contributing factors. Mortality peaks occurred in 2013 and 2023, each involving hundreds of deaths in single outbreaks. These findings underscore the urgent need for region-specific disease surveillance, vaccination programs, and improved husbandry practices.
From Waters to Screens: Wild Betta Betta spp. (Anabantiformes: Osphronemidae) Trading in Indonesia’s Online Marketplaces Nur Arifah; Diah Komala Sari; Gusti Ayu Widayanti; Randi Syafutra; Ina Aprillia; Muhammad Iqbal
BIO PALEMBANICA Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Bio Palembanica
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan Kepustakaan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36982/bio.v2i2.6201

Abstract

Indonesia hosts a remarkable diversity of freshwater fishes, including numerous endemic wild Betta Betta spp. (Anabantiformes: Osphronemidae). However, the rise of e-commerce has facilitated unregulated online trade of wild Betta species. This study investigates the diversity, conservation status, and trade dynamics of wild Betta species between 1–21 October 2025, in Indonesia’s three largest online marketplaces: Shopee, Tokopedia, and Lazada. A total of 38 wild Betta species were identified, including five Critically Endangered, eleven Endangered, and seven Vulnerable taxa. The trade was dominated by species from Sumatra and Kalimantan, which together accounted for over 85% of endemic taxa. Market analysis revealed a positive correlation between rarity and price, with Endangered and Not Assessed species commanding the highest average prices. The presence of Critically Endangered species such as Betta hendra and B. burdigula indicates ongoing extraction from the wild despite conservation risks. Furthermore, nearly 26% of traded species remain Data Deficient or Not Assessed, reflecting critical knowledge gaps that hinder management and policy enforcement. The findings underscore the urgent need for stronger regulation of digital wildlife trade, improved conservation assessments, and promotion of captive breeding programs to reduce wild collection pressure.