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All Journal Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Tirta Fitri Aryani
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Other

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COMPARING ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT HAND SANITIZERS IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS Zeashafa Zafira Ramdhan; Roqayyah; Salma Ika Rahmadani; Nasyia Qaanita; Anggita Virginia Naulina Manurung; Tirta Fitri Aryani; Nafis Ikhwana; Anggita Cahya Ningrum; Nasywa Dwi Ayu; Afdhal Raziq Hanania; Deskia Amanda Fitriyani; Kharazi Farand Vitonova; Dhigna Luthfiyani Citra Pradana; Eldiza Puji Rahmi; Annisa Farida Muti
Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Vol.3 No.1 JUNE (2024)
Publisher : Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Medicine, UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33533/jrpps.v2i2.7017

Abstract

Human activities every day have a lot of physical contact with the environment, this can cause various kinds of diseases. These diseases can come from various types of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. Examples of bacteria that can cause disease are Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that most commonly cause diarrhoea. To avoid these bacteria, humans need to wash their hands using soap and clean running water. However, washing hands cannot be done every time and in every place. Therefore, there is an innovation of hand sanitizer without using running water, namely hand sanitizer. Hand sanitizer is a waterless hand sanitizer innovation that contains antiseptic substances. Hand sanitizer works as an antibacterial in inhibiting and even killing bacteria. Antiseptics are chemical compounds used to inhibit or kill microorganisms in living tissue. The purpose of using antiseptics is to inhibit or kill bacteria by inhibiting bacterial enzymes and reducing the permeability of bacterial cell membranes through bacterial precipitation, oxidation, and halogenation. Antiseptics usually contain alcohol, chlorhexidine, and anilides. Antiseptics that are widely used in the medical world are antiseptics with alcohol content based on the ability of alcohol to kill bacteria.
SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW: THE PATTERN OF PSYCHOTROPIC DRUG UTILIZATION IN THE JKN ERA Anggita Cahya Ningrum; Tirta Fitri Aryani; Nadhifa Zalfa Rakhmat; Fathan Mubiin Ibnu Ismail; Putri Alifia Zahra; Primayanti Nurul Ilmi
Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 4 No 2 (2025): Vol.4 No.2 DECEMBER (2025)
Publisher : Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Medicine, UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33533/jrpps.v4i2.12422

Abstract

Psychotropic drugs are essential in the management of mental disorders, yet their use often raises challenges related to rational prescribing, cost, and drug availability. Since the implementation of the Indonesian National Health Insurance (JKN) in 2014, changes in the utilization patterns of psychotropic medications have been observed and require systematic evaluation. This study aimed to review the prescribing patterns of psychotropic drugs in the JKN era, focusing on the most frequently used agents, therapeutic shifts, and their implications for healthcare access and financing. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases including Neliti, Garuda, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. The search used the keywords “psychotropic,” “JKN,” “BPJS,” and “drug utilization.” Inclusion criteria were observational studies conducted in the Indonesian population between 2014 and 2025. From 124 identified publications, three articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The studies revealed a shift in the use of antipsychotics from typical to atypical agents, with risperidone as the most frequently prescribed. For antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), particularly fluoxetine and sertraline, were commonly used, although amitriptyline remained an alternative due to limited drug availability. JKN contributed to improved patient access to treatment but was also associated with cost burden, unequal distribution of medicines, and risks of irrational prescribing. JKN has successfully expanded patient access to psychotropic therapy; however, it also introduced financial and prescribing challenges. Among mental health conditions, bipolar disorder showed a significant difference in annual costs between JKN and non-JKN patients, with higher costs under JKN mainly due to the high utilization of sodium divalproex.
Co-Authors Afdhal Raziq Hanania Anggita Cahya Ningrum Anggita Cahya Ningrum Anggita Virginia Naulina Manurung Annisa Farida Muti Deskia Amanda Fitriyani Dhigna Luthfiyani Citra Pradana Eldiza Puji Rahmi Fathan Mubiin Ibnu Ismail Kharazi Farand Vitonova Nadhifa Zalfa Rakhmat Nafis Ikhwana Nasyia Qaanita Nasywa Dwi Ayu Primayanti Nurul Ilmi Putri Alifia Zahra Roqayyah Salma Ika Rahmadani Zeashafa Zafira Ramdhan