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Language as Confinement and Liberation: Perlocutionary Speech Acts in Sartre’s Huis Clos Amid Modern Existential Crises Grace Shirley Luntungan; Mister Gidion Maru; Jeihn Novita Christanty Budiman; Subhan Rahmat; Fergina Lengkoan; Devilito Prasetyo Tatipang
REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language
Publisher : The Institute of Research and Community Service (LPPM) - Universitas Lancang Kuning

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31849/2ew80p08

Abstract

Language does not merely convey meaning; it actively shapes psychological realities, relational dynamics, and existential conditions. This study investigates how perlocutionary speech acts function as a mechanism of confinement and liberation in Jean-Paul Sartre’s Huis Clos, addressing a critical gap in existing scholarship that has largely prioritized illocutionary structures over the cumulative effects of language in literary discourse. Adopting a qualitative discourse analysis grounded in Austin’s (1962) and Searle’s (1979) speech act theory, this research examines selected dialogues from the original French text, focusing on how utterances generate psychological, relational, and existential impacts on interlocutors. The findings reveal that perlocutionary acts operate as a recursive system that produces sustained emotional states such as shame, anxiety, and dependency, while simultaneously structuring power relations and identity construction. Rather than functioning as isolated communicative events, these acts accumulate across interaction, creating cyclical patterns of provocation and response that intensify conflict and prevent resolution. Moreover, language emerges as a paradoxical force that both entraps individuals within continuous judgment and enables heightened self-awareness through the presence of the Other. This study offers originality by integrating pragmatic analysis with existential philosophy, demonstrating that perlocutionary effects extend beyond communication to shape ontological experience. Its contribution lies in advancing speech act theory within literary studies and providing interdisciplinary insights relevant to pragmatics, discourse analysis, and philosophy. The findings further suggest broader implications for understanding how language operates as a powerful social and psychological force in human interaction across contexts.
Co-Authors Andi Musyahidah Mawaddah Devilito Prasetyo Tatipang Fergina Lengkoan Fitra, Muh. Al Fachrizah Grace Shirley Luntungan Imma, Nur Anisma Jeihn Novita Christanty Budiman Mister Gidion Maru Mutmainnah, Nafsul Noni, Nurdin Nurmaisyah, Nurmaisyah Nursanti Nursanti Olga Rorintulus Pidia Warahma Putri, Syafiqah Sunra, La