Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 2 Documents
Search

Perang Salib: Dampaknya Terhadap Peradaban Islam dan Kristen di Abad Pertengahan N, Nurfadilah; Mauduto, Maryam; Sulaiman, Umar
Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Vol 2, No 6 (2025): January
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14620487

Abstract

The Crusades were a series of military conflicts involving European Christian powers and the Islamic world in the Middle East during the 11th to 13th centuries. These conflicts had impacts far beyond the military realm, affecting various aspects of civilization, including politics, society, economy, and culture in both hemispheres. For Islamic civilization, the Crusades accelerated the process of political consolidation and spurred the development of more organized military strategies, as well as encouraging increased mobilization of resources to defend their territories. In contrast, for Europe, the Crusades contributed to economic transformation by opening new trade routes, intellectual influence through contact with the Islamic world, and changes in social and political structures that strengthened the power of the church and kingdom. This study highlights the impact of the mutual influence between the two civilizations and explains how the Crusades shaped the dynamics of Christian-Islamic relations that continue to resonate in world history until the modern era.
Abu Bakar Al-Razi: Riwayat Hidup dan Konsep Lima Kekal Dalam Filsafatnya N, Nurfadilah; Santalia, Indo
Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Vol 2, No 6 (2025): January
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14620683

Abstract

Abu Bakar Muhammad bin Zakariya al-Razi (865–925 AD), is known as one of the leading scientists, philosophers, and doctors in Islamic civilization. His rational and humanist thinking has a great influence in various fields, especially philosophy and medicine. One of al-Razi's most controversial philosophical contributions is the concept of al-Qudama al-Khamsa or his five eternals. In this view, al-Razi put forward five eternal entities: God, soul, matter, time, and space. Unlike the dominant theological views of his time, this concept emphasizes a rational approach that aims to explain the origins of the universe metaphysically. This study aims to examine the life history of al-Razi, the development of his thinking, and a critical analysis of his five eternal concepts. The method used is a literature study by tracing relevant primary and secondary sources. The results of the study show that al-Razi combines the philosophy of materialism with a rationalist view. Although his five eternal concepts have drawn much criticism from scholars and philosophers, the idea has made a significant contribution to the discourse on metaphysics and the philosophy of science in the Islamic and Western worlds.