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Dinasti Mamalik di Mesir: Pembentukan, Kemajuan dan Kemunduran Almahdali, Sayyid Syahdan; S, Sukamto; Sulaiman, Umar
Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Vol 2, No 6 (2025): January
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7978399

Abstract

The Mamluk Dynasty, which ruled Egypt from 1250 to 1517, was founded by military slaves (mamluks) originally from regions such as the Caucasus. Despite their origins as slaves, the mamluks rose to power and established a strong political, economic, and cultural civilization. The dynasty's rise began after the death of Sultan al-Malik al-Salih, when his son Sultan Turan Shah's reign was overthrown by the mamluks, leading to the ascension of Syajarah al-Dur, the first female ruler of the Mamluk Sultanate. The Mamluks secured military victories, including the Battle of Ayn Jalut against the Mongols, which significantly contributed to the stability of the region. They also advanced the economy through trade, agriculture, and efficient irrigation techniques. Culturally, the Mamluks left a lasting legacy in architecture, building grand mosques and educational institutions. However, internal divisions, external threats from the Ottoman Empire, economic decline, and corruption eventually led to the fall of the dynasty in 1517. The Mamluk Dynasty’s period is a testament to the rise of an elite military class and their influence in shaping Islamic civilization during their rule.
Al-Khawarij dan Al-Murjiah: Sejarah dan Pokok-Pokok Ajarannya Almahdali, Sayyid Syahdan; Jafar, Usman; Santalia, Indo
Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol 3, No 1 (2025): February
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

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Abstract

This study delves into the definitions and historical emergence of two early Islamic sects, al-Khawarij and al-Murjiah, and contrasts their core teachings. Al-Khawarij, derived from the term "kharijah," signifying rebellion, formed after a faction of Ali bin Abi Talib's followers ended up disagreeing with his decision to arbitrate during the Battle of Siffin. This group believed that any deviation from divine will was unacceptable, thus condemning arbitrations like those accepted by Ali. On the other hand, al-Murjiah, from the root "Irj?’," meaning deferral, emerged as a response to the religious and political fragmentation in early Islam. This group proposed that faith alone suffices for salvation, detaching actions from faith and delaying judgment for grave sins to the Last Day. Through historical analysis, this paper examines the socio-political dynamics that led to the rise of these factions and their lasting impact on Islamic jurisprudence, theology, and community cohesion.