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Gut-Brain Axis Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Early Biomarkers and Therapeutic Potential in Jakarta, Indonesia Zahra Amir; Wisnu Wardhana Putra; Linda Purnama; Saurie Hernandez; Adolfo Rawlings; Immanuel Simbolon
Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjn.v1i1.27

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Increasing evidence suggests a crucial role of gut-brain axis dysfunction in PD pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the gut microbiome composition, identify potential early biomarkers, and explore the therapeutic potential of targeting the gut-brain axis in PD patients in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 50 PD patients and 50 age-matched healthy controls from Jakarta. Stool and blood samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze gut microbiome composition, and serum inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP) were measured using ELISA. Clinical data, including disease duration, severity, and non-motor symptoms, were assessed using standardized scales. Results: PD patients exhibited significant alterations in gut microbiome composition compared to controls, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria (e.g., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae). Elevated levels of serum inflammatory markers were also observed in PD patients. Correlation analysis revealed associations between specific gut microbiota, inflammatory markers, and disease severity. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of gut-brain axis dysfunction in PD patients in Jakarta, Indonesia. Alterations in gut microbiome composition and increased systemic inflammation may serve as potential early biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PD. Further research is needed to explore the causal relationship and develop targeted interventions.

A Contrastive Study 0f British and American English Pronunciation for Students Eny Rein Sihombing; Adelia Sidabutar; Immanuel Simbolon; Bloner Sinurat
Jejak digital: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 1 No. 5 (2025): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : INDO PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63822/4krdmc21

English is a language used all around the world, and it has many different ways of being spoken depending on where people are from. The two main ways are British English and American English. These two versions are especially important in schools, media, and international communication. This paper examines the pronunciation differences between British and American English, and how these differences may impact students’ language learning. Rather than conducting experiments, this paper draws upon theories and descriptions from established studies in phonetics and linguistics. The paper focuses on differences in vowels and consonants, how words are stressed, how sentences go up and down in pitch, and processes like rhoticity and flapping. It also gives examples of how these differences show up in classrooms, especially for Indonesian learners who are often exposed to both versions through books, online content, and language learning tools. In the end, the paper suggests that learning pronunciation should focus on making speech clear and understandable, rather than sticking strictly to one way of speaking.

Analisis Miskonsepsi Nilai π pada Materi Lingkaran dalam Buku Senang Belajar Matematika: Antara Nilai Sebenarnya dan Realitas Irasional Syifa Eriza Nasution; Joyce Lidya Patricia Daeli; Pujiono Sihite; Marcelly Claudia Sagala; Immanuel Simbolon; Wingston Leonard Sihombing
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 10 No. 03 (2025): Volume 10 No. 03 September 2025 Terbit
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v10i03.33148

Understanding mathematical concepts is inseparable from the clarity of their definitions and presentation in textbooks. One fundamental concept that frequently appears in school curricula, from elementary, middle, and high school levels, is the constant π (phi) in the topic of circles. Mathematically, π is an irrational number obtained from the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. However, in practical learning, the value of π is often simplified to or 3.14. This practical presentation has the potential to lead to misconceptions in students, namely, that they assume π is a rational number. This study used qualitative methods with document analysis techniques in the "Happy Learning Mathematics" book. The results of the analysis indicate an emphasis on the use of the value π = or 3.14 without explaining its irrational nature. As a result, students tend to memorize practical formulas and numbers without understanding that these two values are only approximations and that π is an irrational number with infinite decimal places.

Transnational Networks and Social Cohesion Among Climate-Displaced Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study in Coastal Indonesia Immanuel Simbolon; Desiree Montesinos; Jujuk Maryati
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v9i1.319

Climate-induced displacement in coastal Indonesia creates unprecedented challenges for affected populations seeking economic stability and psychological resilience. This cross-sectional analytical study examined the role of transnational networks, social cohesion, government support, and digital connectivity in climate adaptation success among 373 internally displaced persons (IDPs) across three coastal districts (Demak, Pekalongan, and Indramayu) in Central Java from January to June 2024. Using binary logistic regression, we assessed nine predictors of successful climate adaptation, defined as sustainable livelihood restoration and psychological well-being. Transnational Network Strength (TNS) emerged as the strongest predictor (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.58, 95% CI 1.59–4.18, p < 0.001), followed by Social Cohesion (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.33–3.44, p = 0.002) and Government Support (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.03–2.56, p = 0.038). Digital Connectivity Index and low psychological distress were also significant protective factors (AOR = 1.68, p = 0.034 and AOR = 1.82, p = 0.014, respectively). The multivariate model demonstrated good discrimination (area under the curve = 0.81) and acceptable calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.592), with 75.3% overall accuracy. Partial correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive association between TNS and social cohesion (r = 0.47, controlling for confounders). These findings underscore the critical importance of fostering transnational connections, strengthening community bonds, and expanding digital access to enhance adaptation outcomes among climate-displaced populations in vulnerable coastal regions.

Transnational Networks and Social Cohesion Among Climate-Displaced Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study in Coastal Indonesia Immanuel Simbolon; Desiree Montesinos; Jujuk Maryati
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v9i1.319

Climate-induced displacement in coastal Indonesia creates unprecedented challenges for affected populations seeking economic stability and psychological resilience. This cross-sectional analytical study examined the role of transnational networks, social cohesion, government support, and digital connectivity in climate adaptation success among 373 internally displaced persons (IDPs) across three coastal districts (Demak, Pekalongan, and Indramayu) in Central Java from January to June 2024. Using binary logistic regression, we assessed nine predictors of successful climate adaptation, defined as sustainable livelihood restoration and psychological well-being. Transnational Network Strength (TNS) emerged as the strongest predictor (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.58, 95% CI 1.59–4.18, p < 0.001), followed by Social Cohesion (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.33–3.44, p = 0.002) and Government Support (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.03–2.56, p = 0.038). Digital Connectivity Index and low psychological distress were also significant protective factors (AOR = 1.68, p = 0.034 and AOR = 1.82, p = 0.014, respectively). The multivariate model demonstrated good discrimination (area under the curve = 0.81) and acceptable calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.592), with 75.3% overall accuracy. Partial correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive association between TNS and social cohesion (r = 0.47, controlling for confounders). These findings underscore the critical importance of fostering transnational connections, strengthening community bonds, and expanding digital access to enhance adaptation outcomes among climate-displaced populations in vulnerable coastal regions.

Analisis Pemecahan Masalah Geometri Bidang Datar dalam Konteks Lokal dan Tingkat Pemahaman Siswa Kelas XI-7 SMA Negeri 3 Medan pada Materi Segitiga Pujiono Sihite; Immanuel Simbolon; Samuel Tappin Martua Sitorus; Joyce Lidya Patricia Daeli; KMA Fauzi
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 11 No. 02 (2026): Volume 11 Nomor 02, Juni 2026 Published
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v11i02.47392

This study aims to analyze students' problem-solving abilities in plane geometry within a local context and to identify types of human errors made by Grade XI-7 students at SMA Negeri 3 Medan on triangle material. The studyemployed a descriptive qualitative approach with 20 students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collectedthrough a written test consisting of 5 Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) essay questions based on local contexts, completed within 40 minutes, and analyzed using a human error analysis scoring rubric. The results indicate that students' understanding levels vary across indicators: translation, interpolation, and extrapolation. The dominant error types identified include conceptual errors, procedural errors, and careless errors. These findings have important implications for mathematics teachers in designing more contextual geometry learning based on student error analysis.

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