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All Journal Scientia Psychiatrica Eureka Herba Indonesia Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Enigma in Education
Zahra Amir
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Religion Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Education Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Early Detection of Bullying Victimization in Indonesian Adults: A Predictive Scoring System Zahra Amir; Husin Sastranagara; Imanuel Simbolon; Neva Dian Permana; Andi Fatihah Syahrir
Scientia Psychiatrica Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Scientia Psychiatrica
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/scipsy.v5i4.180

Abstract

Introduction: Bullying victimization among adults is a pervasive problem with significant mental health implications, including depression, anxiety, and even suicidal ideation. Early detection of individuals at risk is crucial for timely intervention and support. This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive scoring system for bullying victimization in Indonesian adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,500 Indonesian adults aged 18-55 years. Data were collected using validated questionnaires, including the Indonesian Workplace Bullying Scale, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Sociodemographic information and history of adverse childhood experiences were also collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of bullying victimization and develop a predictive scoring system. The model's performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: The prevalence of bullying victimization in the sample was 18.7%. Significant predictors included female gender, younger age, lower socioeconomic status, history of childhood trauma, low self-esteem, and high psychological distress. The predictive scoring system demonstrated good discriminatory ability, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.79-0.85). Conclusion: This study provides a validated predictive scoring system for identifying Indonesian adults at risk of bullying victimization. This tool can assist mental health professionals, employers, and policymakers in implementing targeted prevention and intervention programs to mitigate the adverse mental health consequences associated with bullying.
Gut-Brain Axis Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Early Biomarkers and Therapeutic Potential in Jakarta, Indonesia Zahra Amir; Wisnu Wardhana Putra; Linda Purnama; Saurie Hernandez; Adolfo Rawlings; Immanuel Simbolon
Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjn.v1i1.27

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Increasing evidence suggests a crucial role of gut-brain axis dysfunction in PD pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the gut microbiome composition, identify potential early biomarkers, and explore the therapeutic potential of targeting the gut-brain axis in PD patients in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 50 PD patients and 50 age-matched healthy controls from Jakarta. Stool and blood samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze gut microbiome composition, and serum inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP) were measured using ELISA. Clinical data, including disease duration, severity, and non-motor symptoms, were assessed using standardized scales. Results: PD patients exhibited significant alterations in gut microbiome composition compared to controls, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria (e.g., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae). Elevated levels of serum inflammatory markers were also observed in PD patients. Correlation analysis revealed associations between specific gut microbiota, inflammatory markers, and disease severity. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of gut-brain axis dysfunction in PD patients in Jakarta, Indonesia. Alterations in gut microbiome composition and increased systemic inflammation may serve as potential early biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PD. Further research is needed to explore the causal relationship and develop targeted interventions.
The Impact of Gestational Diabetes on Long-Term Cognitive Function: A Prospective Cohort Study with Neuroimaging Correlates in Bandung, Indonesia Miranda Aisah; Lestini Wulansari; Vania Delma; Reza Andrianto; Zahra Amir; Dedi Sucipto; Agnes Mariska; Saurie Hernandez
Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjn.v1i2.91

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing public health concern with potential long-term consequences for both mother and child. Emerging evidence suggests that GDM may impact maternal cognitive function, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This prospective cohort study investigates the association between GDM and long-term cognitive function in mothers, exploring potential neuroimaging correlates. Methods: Pregnant women were recruited from antenatal clinics in Bandung, Indonesia, between 2018 and 2020. GDM was diagnosed using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. Cognitive function was assessed at 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years postpartum using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. A subset of participants underwent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 years postpartum. Results: Women with GDM exhibited lower scores on tests of executive function, processing speed, and memory compared to women without GDM at all follow-up assessments. MRI analysis revealed alterations in brain structure and function inwomen with a history of GDM, including reduced gray matter volume in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and altered functional connectivity within the default mode network. Conclusion: GDM is associated with long-term cognitive impairment in mothers, possibly mediated by structural and functional brain changes. These findings highlight the importance of early identification and management of GDM to mitigate potential long-term cognitive consequences.
Optimizing Postoperative Pain Management After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Indonesia: A Comparative Study of Analgesic Regimens Nabila Saraswati; Made Swastika; Zahra Amir; Husin Sastranagara; Bernadette Wilson
Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjorl.v1i1.33

Abstract

Introduction: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a frequently performed procedure for chronic rhinosinusitis in Indonesia. Effective postoperative pain management is vital for patient comfort, early recovery, and minimizing healthcare expenses. This study compared the efficacy of different analgesic regimens in managing postoperative pain after ESS in an Indonesian population. Methods: This prospective, randomized controlled trial involved 120 patients undergoing ESS at a tertiary hospital in Indonesia. Patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups: Group A received intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine, Group B received a combination of intravenous ketorolac and oral paracetamol, and Group C received oral paracetamol alone. Pain intensity was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. The requirement for rescue analgesia and the occurrence of adverse effects were also documented. Results: Group A (PCA with morphine) exhibited significantly lower VAS scores at all time points compared to Group B (ketorolac and paracetamol) and Group C (paracetamol alone) (p<0.001). Group B showed lower VAS scores than Group C at 2 and 6 hours postoperatively (p<0.05). The need for rescue analgesia was significantly higher in Group C compared to the other groups (p<0.001). The incidence of nausea and vomiting was higher in Group A, while constipation was more frequent in Group B. Conclusion: Intravenous PCA with morphine provided superior postoperative pain control after ESS compared to other analgesic regimens. However, the increased incidence of nausea and vomiting should be taken into account. A combination of intravenous ketorolac and oral paracetamol presented a suitable alternative with a more favorable side effect profile. Further investigation is necessary to optimize pain management protocols for ESS in the Indonesian population.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Dizziness: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Bandung, Indonesia Zahra Amir; Nabila Saraswati; Made Swastika; Zainal Abidin Hasan; Aisyah Andina Rasyid; Hasrita Soleiman; Bernadette Wilson
Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjn.v1i2.90

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic dizziness is a debilitating condition with limited treatment options. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has shown promise in treating various neurological conditions. This randomized controlled trial investigated the efficacy and safety of TMS in treating chronic dizziness in Bandung, Indonesia. Methods: Participants with chronic dizziness (≥ 3 months) were randomly assigned to receive either active TMS or sham TMS for 10 sessions over two weeks. The active TMS group received 1 Hz stimulation over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), while the sham group received placebo stimulation. The primary outcome was the change in Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) score from baseline to four weeks post-intervention. Secondary outcomes included changes in Vertigo Symptom Scale (VSS) scores, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores, and quality of life measures. Safety was assessed through monitoring of adverse events. Results: A total of 60 participants completed the study (30 in each group). The active TMS group showed a significantly greater improvement in DHI scores compared to the sham group (p < 0.001). Significant improvements were also observed in VSS, HADS, and quality of life measures in the active TMS group. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the efficacy and safety of TMS in treating chronic dizziness in the Indonesian population. TMS may be a valuable therapeutic option for patients with chronic dizziness who have not responded to conventional therapies.
The Power Imbalance Personified: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Senior-to-Junior Bullying in Indonesia's Medical Residency Programs Alex Putra Pratama; Henry Clifford; Ahmad Erza; Ericca Dominique Perez; Fakhrul Setiobudi; Dedi Affandi; Lestini Wulansari; Fachrudin Sani; Vita Amanda; Zahra Amir
Enigma in Education Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Enigma in Education
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/edu.v3i1.92

Abstract

Bullying within medical residency is a pervasive global issue with severe consequences for residents' mental health and patient safety. In Indonesia, where hierarchical structures in medicine are deeply entrenched, senior-to-junior bullying is a significant yet under-investigated problem. This study aimed to analyse the prevalence, forms, and lived experiences of bullying perpetrated by senior residents against their junior counterparts in Indonesian medical residency programs. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed. In the quantitative phase, an anonymous online survey was distributed to 584 junior medical residents across five major teaching hospitals in Indonesia. The survey included the validated Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) and questions on demographics and specialty. In the qualitative phase, 25 junior residents who reported high levels of bullying were purposively selected for in-depth, semi-structured interviews to explore their experiences. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were subjected to reflexive thematic analysis. Quantitatively, 81.3% (n=475) of junior residents reported experiencing at least one bullying behaviour weekly. The most common forms were work-related, such as excessive workloads and meaningless tasks, and personal humiliation. Year of residency was significantly associated with bullying exposure. Qualitatively, four major themes emerged: (1) ‘The Hierarchy as an Unassailable Mandate for Abuse’; (2) ‘The Pedagogy of Fear: Bullying as a Misguided Educational Tool’; (3) ‘Silent Suffering and the Armour of Complicity’; and (4) ‘The Perpetuating Cycle: Victims on a Trajectory to Becoming Perpetrators’. The qualitative findings revealed that bullying was often rationalised by seniors as a necessary part of medical training. In conclusion, senior-to-junior bullying is alarmingly prevalent and deeply embedded in the culture of Indonesian medical residency programs. It is personified through a profound power imbalance, rationalised as an educational necessity, and sustained by a culture of silence. Urgent, multi-level interventions focusing on systemic change, faculty training, and robust confidential reporting systems are imperative to dismantle this destructive cycle.
Bridging the Digital Divide: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of the Efficacy, Accessibility, and Impact of Web-Based Mental Health First Aid Training for Community Health Volunteers (Kader) in Rural Indonesia Zahra Amir; Ni Made Nova Indriyani; Iis Sugandhi; Husin Sastranagara; Muhammad Rusli; Wisnu Wardhana Putra
Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/icejournal.v5i2.46

Abstract

Significant disparities in mental health service access persist in rural Indonesia, where community health volunteers (known as Kader) represent a vital but undertrained resource. Digital training platforms offer a scalable solution to build mental health literacy, yet their efficacy and accessibility in low-resource, digitally diverse settings remain under-evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, accessibility, and user experience of a novel, web-based Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training program for Kader in rural Indonesia. We employed a convergent parallel mixed-methods design with a single-group, pre-test/post-test framework. A total of 165 Kader from 15 rural districts across North Sumatra, West Sumatra, and South Sumatra provinces were recruited. Participants completed a 4-week, self-paced, web-based MHFA course. Quantitative data were collected using the Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire (MHKQ), the Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI) scale, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) at baseline and post-intervention. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured focus group discussions (FGDs) with a purposive subsample of 32 participants to explore user experience and perceived impact. The intervention yielded a highly significant improvement in mental health knowledge, with mean MHKQ scores increasing from 48.5 (SD=10.2) at pre-test to 89.7 (SD=8.8) at post-test (t(164) = -35.1, p < 0.001). Stigmatizing attitudes significantly decreased, as reflected by an increase in mean CAMI scores from 55.3 (SD=12.5) to 81.4 (SD=11.9) (t(164) = -18.9, p < 0.001). The platform's usability was rated favorably, with a mean SUS score of 81.2 (SD=13.4), indicating excellent user-friendliness. Qualitative analysis revealed three primary themes: (1) Digital Empowerment and Overcoming Barriers; (2) Cultural Resonance and Practical Skill Acquisition; and (3) The Emergence of a Supported Community of Practice. In conclusion, web-based MHFA training is an effective, accessible, and well-accepted modality for empowering Kader in rural Indonesia. This digital approach successfully bridges geographical and educational divides, significantly enhancing mental health literacy and reducing stigma. Scaling this model holds immense potential for strengthening community-based mental health services and narrowing the treatment gap in Indonesia and similar low- and middle-income countries.
Modulation of the Cognition-Sleep Nexus in Subjective Cognitive Decline: A 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Standardized Cordyceps militaris Extract Vita Amanda; Daphne Marshall; Zahra Amir; Husin Sastranagara; Danniel Hilman Maulana; Karina Chandra; Fachrudin Sani
Eureka Herba Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Eureka Herba Indonesia
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/ehi.v6i2.130

Abstract

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and sleep disturbance form a vicious cycle, accelerating neurodegeneration. Cordyceps militaris (CM), a traditional medicinal fungus rich in nucleosides, possesses potent neuroprotective and adenosinergic (sleep-promoting) properties. We investigated the efficacy of a standardized CM extract on this cognition-sleep nexus in adults with SCD. This 12-week, single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial was conducted in Palembang, Indonesia. We randomized 120 adults (aged 45-65) with SCD to receive 300 mg/day of a standardized CM mycelial extract (3% cordycepin) or a matching placebo. The primary outcome was the change from baseline in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Indonesian (MoCA-INA) score. Key secondary outcomes (Bonferroni-corrected) were the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) Delayed Recall, and polysomnography (PSG)-derived Sleep Efficiency (SE). Analyses were performed on the Intention-to-Treat (ITT) population (N=120) using a Linear Mixed-Effects Model (LMM). The LMM analysis revealed a significant group-by-time interaction for the primary outcome, MoCA-INA (Adjusted Mean Difference [AMD]: +1.95 [95% CI: 1.10, 2.80], p < 0.001). The CM group also showed significant improvements in all three key secondary outcomes: PSQI (AMD: -2.90 [95% CI: -3.81, -1.99], p < 0.001), RAVLT Delayed Recall (AMD: +2.15 [95% CI: 1.30, 3.00], p < 0.001), and Sleep Efficiency (AMD: +5.8% [95% CI: 3.1, 8.5], p < 0.001). After FDR correction, significant benefits were also seen for processing speed, %REM sleep, and serum BDNF and hs-CRP. The intervention was well-tolerated. In conclusion, twelve weeks of supplementation with a standardized C. militaris extract significantly improved cognitive function, episodic memory, and both subjective and objective sleep in adults with SCD. These benefits were associated with enhanced neuroplasticity and reduced systemic inflammation, supporting its potential as a multi-target, disease-modifying intervention for this at-risk population.
Co-Authors Adolfo Rawlings Agnes Mariska Ahmad Erza Aisyah Andina Rasyid Alex Putra Pratama Andi Fatihah Syahrir Bernadette Wilson Danniel Hilman Maulana Daphne Marshall Dedi Affandi Dedi Sucipto Ericca Dominique Perez Fachrudin Sani Fakhrul Setiobudi Hasrita Soleiman Henry Clifford Husin Sastranagara Iis Sugandhi Imanuel Simbolon Immanuel Simbolon Karina Chandra Lestini Wulansari Linda Purnama Made Swastika Miranda Aisah Muhammad Rusli Nabila Saraswati Neva Dian Permana Ni Made Nova Indriyani Reza Andrianto Saurie Hernandez Vania Delma Vita Amanda Wisnu Wardhana Putra Zainal Abidin Hasan