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All Journal Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi dan Penelitian Hukum Islam SAMARAH: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) Al-Manahij : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Quru’: Journal of Family Law and Culture Jurnal Hukum Islam Jurnal Mediasas : Media Ilmu Syari'ah dan Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah An-nisa: Journal of Islamic Family Law International Journal of Religious and Interdisciplinary Studies Journal of Islamic Economic Laws Indonesian Journal of Sharia and Socio-Legal Studies
Saujan, Iqbal
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Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Why Pregnancy Is Not Enough: Judicial Interpretation of “Urgent Grounds” in Child Marriage Dispensation Cases at the Madiun Religious Court Berlina Cahya Putri, Otavia; Santoso, Lukman; Saujan, Iqbal
Indonesian Journal of Sharia and Socio-Legal Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Sharia and Socio-Legal Studies
Publisher : Elkuator Research and Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24260/ijssls.1.2.117

Abstract

This article examines how Muslim judges interpret the statutory requirement of “urgent grounds” in child marriage dispensation cases arising from pregnancies outside of wedlock at the Madiun Religious Court. Although the two cases share similar factual circumstances—pregnancies resulting from zinā (adultery) involving girls below the minimum legal marriage age—the judicial outcomes diverged significantly. The article aims to identify the factors shaping this divergence and to illuminate how state law, Islamic moral norms, and psychosocial considerations interact within religious court adjudication. Employing a socio-legal approach that combines document analysis of two judicial decisions with in-depth interviews involving three key informants, the study finds that “urgent grounds” is an elastic category heavily shaped by the interpretive discretion of Muslim judges. In the first case, a two-month pregnancy was construed as a moral and social emergency requiring immediate resolution through marriage. Conversely, the eight-month pregnancy in the second case was understood as an indicator of child vulnerability that necessitated preventing, rather than facilitating, early marriage. These findings demonstrate that the dispensation mechanism is not a mechanical application of legal rules but an interpretive arena in which judges negotiate statutory texts, Islamic legal maxims, cultural norms, and the best interests of the child. The article argues that such interpretive variation reflects the interplay among Islamic law, state law, and socio-cultural values in shaping contemporary Islamic family court judgments in Indonesia. [Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana hakim Pengadilan Agama Madiun menafsirkan persyaratan “alasan mendesak” dalam perkara dispensasi perkawinan anak yang diajukan akibat kehamilan di luar nikah. Meskipun kedua perkara memuat kondisi faktual serupa—kehamilan akibat zina oleh anak perempuan yang belum mencapai batas usia minimal perkawinan—putusan yang dihasilkan berbeda secara signifikan. Artikel ini bertujuan menelusuri faktor-faktor yang membentuk perbedaan tersebut serta mengungkap bagaimana hukum negara, nilai moral Islam, dan pertimbangan psikososial berinteraksi dalam praktik peradilan agama. Melalui pendekatan sosio-legal yang memadukan analisis dokumen atas dua putusan dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap tiga informan kunci, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa persyaratan “alasan mendesak” merupakan kategori yang lentur dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh diskresi interpretatif para hakim. Pada kasus pertama, kehamilan dua bulan dikonstruksikan sebagai kedaruratan moral–sosial yang menuntut penyelesaian segera melalui perkawinan. Sebaliknya, pada kasus kedua, kehamilan delapan bulan dipahami sebagai indikator kerentanan yang justru memerlukan pencegahan terhadap perkawinan anak. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme dispensasi nikah bukan sekadar penerapan hukum secara mekanis, melainkan arena interpretatif di mana hakim menegosiasikan teks hukum, kaidah fikih, nilai budaya, serta prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak. Artikel ini berargumentasi bahwa variasi interpretasi tersebut mencerminkan keterkaitan antara hukum Islam, hukum negara, dan nilai sosio-kultural dalam membentuk putusan pengadilan keluarga Islam kontemporer di Indonesia.]
An Empirical Analysis of Experts' Perceptions on Reforming Sri Lanka's Muslim Marriage and Divorce Act of 1951: Perspectives on Sharia and Modernity Long, Ahmad Sunawari; Saujan, Iqbal; Nafees, Seeni Mohamed Mohamed; Razick, Ahamed Sarjoon; Jubba, Hasse
Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Vol. 20 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sharia Faculty of State Islamic University of Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri, Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24090/mnh.v20i1.15430

Abstract

The Muslim Marriage and Divorce Act No. 13 of 1951 (MMDA) provides a distinct legal framework governing marriage, divorce, polygamy, guardianship, Quazi court procedures, and maintenance among Sri Lankan Muslims. Debates over its reform have generated significant internal polarization. Reformist groups advocate amendments that respond to contemporary social realities, particularly women's rights and procedural justice. In contrast, conservative groups argue that any reform must remain consistent with Islamic Sharia, religious norms, and established customary practices (ʿurf). This study examines expert perceptions of the most contested issues in the proposed MMDA reforms. Using a quantitative descriptive design, 300 self-administered questionnaires were distributed to legal and religious scholars, Quazi judges, Arabic college principals, academics, postgraduate students, and prominent Muslim community leaders. A total of 250 valid responses were analyzed using SPSS version 24. The findings indicate strong support for several reforms, including the introduction of clear eligibility criteria for Quazis, supported by 94.3% of respondents; strengthening women's maintenance rights by considering husbands' income, 84%; requiring women's consent in marriage contracts, 75%; and establishing separate Quazi court operations, 88%. Respondents also showed moderate support for setting a minimum marriage age, 53%, and regulating the conditions of polygamy. However, resistance remained toward women's autonomous partner selection, the appointment of female Quazis, the removal of the term "sect," and the expansion of the law to include all madhhabs. The study concludes that MMDA reform in Sri Lanka requires a balanced legal approach that reconciles Islamic legal authority, community identity, gender justice, and contemporary standards of procedural fairness.
Co-Authors Abdul Aziz Ahamed Hilmy, Hayathu Mohamed Ali Mutakin, Ali Mutakin Asyari, Nadzif Ali Beevi, Hakeema Berlina Cahya Putri, Otavia Ending Solehudin Fowzul, Mohamed Buhary Jubba, Hasse Juhi, MS Fathima Kafidhoh, Siti Long, Ahmad Sunawari Lukman Santoso Maruf Maruf, Maruf Mohamed Haniffa, Mohamed Nairoos Muhammad Husni Abdulah Pakarti Mutakin, Ali Nafees, Seeni Mohamed Mohamed Nugraha, Iqbal Subhan Razick, Ahamed Sarjoon Rifas, Abi Huraira Rufaida, Rajudeen Fathima Seeni Mohamed Mohamed Nafees Shakibiciu, Saeideh Siyana, AK. Waheeda, Waheeda Yusuf Sani Abubakar