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Andini Hizbiyati
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Electrical & Electronics Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering

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Pembuatan Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) dari Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Off Grade dengan Metode Esterifikasi dan Transesterifikasi Hendriyana; Andini Hizbiyati; Fajar Subagja; Disti Ayu Hania
Jurnal Teknik: Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik Vol 23 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Teknik - Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik - Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55893/jt.vol23no2.699

Abstract

Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) atau biodiesel dengan bahan baku berupa minyak kelapa sawit adalah salah satu bahan bakar nabati pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Minyak kelapa sawit dengan kandungan asam lemak bebas yang masih tinggi dikenal dengan istilah CPO-off grade. Proses yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan asam lemak bebas dalam CPO-off grade adalah esterifikasi. Katalis digunakan dalam proses pembuatan biodiesel agar mampu menghasilkan biodiesel dengan mutu yang sesuai dengan standar. Pengaruh konsentrasi katalis H2SO4 dan NaOH dalam proses produksi biodiesel akan dipelajari dalam penelitian ini. Proses esterifikasi dilakukan dengan tiga variasi katalis H2SO4 yaitu A=1%-massa; B=2%-massa; dan C=3%-massa, sedangkan dalam proses transesterifikasi menggunakan 3 variasi konsentrasi katalis NaOH yaitu A=1%-massa; B=2%-massa; dan C=3%-massa. Kualitas biodiesel yang dihasilkan ditentukan melalui nilai perolehan, massa jenis, viskositas kinematik, bilangan asam, FFA, kadar air, dan titik nyala. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa konsentrasi katalis dalam proses produksi biodiesel mempengaruhi terhadap kualitas biodiesel yang dihasilkan. Konsentrasi katalis H2SO4 dan NaOH 1%-massa adalah konsentrasi yang optimum karena menghasilkan biodiesel dengan kualitas yang memenuhi standar SNI Biodiesel 7182:2015 dengan perolehan, massa jenis, viskositas kinematik, bilangan asam, FFA, kadar air dan titik nyala berturut-turut adalah 79%, 861,12 kg/m3, 4,08 mm2/s(cSt), 0,44 mg NaOH/g FAME, 0,28%, 0,028% dan 184°C.
Isothermal Pyrolysis Kinetics of Various BiomassTypes using Thermogravimetric Data Andini Hizbiyati; Hendriyana
Jurnal Teknik: Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik Vol 24 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Teknik - Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik - Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55893/jt.vol24no2.753

Abstract

Biomass is a renewable fuel source that can be converted into bio-oil as an alternative energy source. The type of biomass with the potential to produce bio-oil is rice husks, water hyacinths, and corn cobs. This study was conducted to examine manufacture of bio-oil from various biomass using the pyrolysis method using a variety of several variables, including operating temperature (450oC and 550oC), particle size (-2 mm/+1 mm and +2 mm), and type of biomass. It was observed that corn cobs yielded the highest output with 49.06% with a size of +2 mm at an operating temperature of 450oC. The preparation of kinetic models is carried out by observing changes in mass per unit of time. The kinetic model approach using the order of 1/3 is able to produce values that are almost close to the research data. The results of kinetics model preparation obtained energy value of activation of the pyrolysis process for rice husks, which ranges from (24.55 – 27.79) kJ/mol, for corn cobs ranging from (35.51 – 42.55) kJ/mol, for water hyacinths with leaves ranging from (23.55–30.72) kJ/mol, for water hyacinths with stems ranging from (30.11–46.77) kJ/mol, and for mixed water hyacinths ranging from (35.72–40.70) kJ/kmol.
Conversion of Palm Cooking Oil to Bio-Plasticizer by Sulfuric Acid Catalyzed Hendriyana, Hendriyana; Andini Hizbiyati
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): December 2025 [Nationally Accredited Sinta 3]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v14i2.24533

Abstract

The increasing environmental and health concerns associated with conventional phthalate-based plasticizers have driven research toward sustainable alternatives. This study investigates the epoxidation of palm cooking oil (PCO) using sulfuric acid as a catalyst to produce epoxidized palm cooking oil (EPCO) as a bio-based plasticizer. The epoxidation process was conducted at various temperatures and catalyst concentrations to evaluate their effects on iodine value, double bond conversion, and viscosity. Optimal epoxidation was achieved at 50 °C and 1 wt% sulfuric acid, resulting in an iodine value of 1.86 g I₂/100 g and a C=C conversion rate of 65.53%. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the successful formation of oxirane rings, as evidenced by the appearance of C–O–C stretching peaks. The epoxidized product exhibited increased viscosity and density, indicating successful structural modification. Furthermore, blending tests with PVC showed good miscibility and plasticizing performance, supporting EPCO’s potential application as a renewable, non-toxic plasticizer in polymer processing.
Co-Authors Disti Ayu Hania Fajar Subagja Hendriyana Hendriyana Hendriyana