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All Journal Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management
Fung, Liem Khe
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science

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Improving Hydrophobicity and Oil Barrier Performance of Paper by Coating with PVA/Nanocellulose-Based Suspension Tanjung, Faisal Amri; Arifin, Yalun; Gunawan, Chandra; Fung, Liem Khe
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jtl.2024.5775

Abstract

This study investigates the use of nanocellulose and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) suspension as a coating formulation on a paper substrate and its effects on the paper’s oil and water barrier properties. The PVA/nanocellulose coating suspension was prepared via a simple nanocellulose mixing procedure with various concentrations of PVA. The coating was carried out by depositing an adhesive agent and multiple layers of nanocellulose/PVA suspension on the paper surface using a bar coater. The results showed that coating up to the fourth layer decreased the opacity index and air permeability rate of the coated papers, but there was a slight increase in the air permeability at the sixth layer. The deposition of PVA/nanocellulose suspension on the paper surface also increased the water and oil barrier performance. The highest contact angle (CA) of 82° and oil kit value of 14 was obtained at the fourth layer of coating using suspension with 2 wt% of PVA content, as compared to the uncoated paper (CA 43°). It is interesting to note that coating paper using nanocellulose/PVA suspension can effectively enhance the hydrophobicity and oil barrier performances of the paper. This satisfactory results in paper properties after being coated with nanocellulose/PVA suspension can be a potential environmentally friendly material in food packaging applications.
Paper Mill Sludge as a Substitute Material in Paving Blocks for a Sustainable Waste Management Approach Gunawan, Chandra; Fung, Liem Khe; Nul Hakim, Lukman; Wahyudi, Eko; Pramana, Angga; Zalfiatri, Yelmira
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management (JES-TM) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jestm.v5i2.269

Abstract

This study evaluates the use of Paper Mill Sludge (PMS) waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in paving block production, focusing on compressive strength and economic feasibility. PMS was incorporated at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the total fine aggregate weight. Compressive strength tests followed the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 03-0691-1996), accompanied by production cost analysis. The results showed that 5% PMS achieved the highest compressive strength of 264.23 kg/cm², about 7.7% higher than the control 258.71 kg/cm², meeting the SNI quality class B (K200) standard. Meanwhile, 10% PMS reduced production costs by 6–8% while still satisfying the minimum requirement for K200 paving blocks (category B). This demonstrates a clear trade-off between mechanical performance and cost efficiency, where 5% PMS ensures maximum strength, while 10% PMS provides adequate strength with economic benefits. At lower levels, PMS fibers improved cement–aggregate bonding and reduced voids, whereas higher dosages (>10%) disrupted hydration and lowered strength. Practically, PMS utilization offers the paving block industry a sustainable and cost-effective alternative that reduces reliance on natural aggregates, supports waste valorization, and aligns with SNI standards for applications such as parking lots.
Co-Authors Angga Pramana, Angga Arifin, Yalun Chandra Gunawan EKO WAHYUDI Faisal Amri Tanjung Nul Hakim, Lukman Yelmira Zalfiatri