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Korelasi Agama dan Negara dalam Bingkai Keindonesiaan Alwaris, Sri Ayu Andari Putri; M, Mahmuddin; B, Barsihannor
Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol 3, No 1 (2025): February
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

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Abstract

Discourse on the relationship between religion and state will always be hotly discussed in various discussions and studies. This shows how important the relationship between the two terms is. Religion is a deep belief for its adherents, but when the state does not provide a sense of security for the implementation of religious teachings, it will cause turmoil in society. Likewise, in its implementation, the state also needs the presence of religion, so that in the state it can be more orderly and directed according to religious values. So far, there have been some different understandings among Muslims regarding the relationship between religion and state. Where some assume that the issue of religion and state cannot be united in its implementation, this is what is practiced by some countries that consider religion and state to be separated (secular understanding). Likewise, there are those who have the opinion that religion is not only a dogma, but religion provides a foundation for reconstructing the system or values of religion in building the state.
Ibn Sina’s Philosophical Thought: Emanation Theory, the Soul, and al-Wujūd Kadir, Abdul; Rahmayani AS, Mega; Alqadri, Saripa Balqis; M, Mahmuddin; Abbas, Nurlaelah; Japri, Muh.
Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Vol 3, No 6 (2026): Januari
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18113474

Abstract

Avicenna’s philosophical thought occupies an important position in the development of Islamic philosophy, particularly in the fields of metaphysics and the nature of knowledge. Three main concepts that form the foundation of his philosophy are emanation, the soul, and al-wujūd (being), which are employed to explain the relationship between God, the universe, and human beings in a rational and systematic manner. This study aims to analyze Avicenna’s philosophical thought by highlighting the concept of emanation as a theory of the origin of existence, the concept of the soul in understanding human nature, and the concept of al-wujūd as the ontological basis of his philosophy. This research adopts a qualitative approach using a library research method. Data are collected from primary sources in the form of Avicenna’s major works and secondary sources such as relevant books and scholarly journal articles. Data analysis is conducted using a descriptive-analytical method to examine the interrelationship and characteristics of these three concepts within the framework of Islamic philosophy. The findings indicate that Avicenna successfully developed an integrative philosophical system that harmonizes philosophical rationality with Islamic values, thereby making a significant contribution to the development of the Islamic intellectual tradition and subsequent philosophical thought.
Sunni dan Syiah dalam Perspektif Sejarah Awal Islam: Akar Teologis dan Dinamika Politik Dewi, Puspa Fitria; Abbas, Nurlaelah; M, Mahmuddin
Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Vol 3, No 6 (2026): Januari
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18246003

Abstract

This article examines the emergence of Sunni and Shi‘a Islam within the context of early Islamic history by exploring their theological foundations and political dynamics. The division between the two traditions originated from debates over leadership succession following the death of the Prophet Muhammad, particularly concerning the legitimacy of authority and the nature of political and religious leadership. Sunni Islam conceptualized leadership as a matter of communal consensus grounded in pragmatic governance, whereas Shi‘a Islam developed the doctrine of imamate by viewing leadership as a divinely ordained institution vested in the family of the Prophet. Through a historical and analytical approach supported by qualitative literature review, this study traces how initial political disputes gradually evolved into distinct theological systems that shaped divergent doctrines, patterns of religious authority, and collective identities. The findings demonstrate that the Sunni and Shi‘a divide cannot be understood solely as a theological disagreement, but must be situated within broader historical processes involving power, legitimacy, and sociopolitical transformation. Understanding these historical roots is essential for fostering a more nuanced and constructive engagement with sectarian differences in contemporary Islamic discourse.
The Concept of Ma‘rifatullah in the Sufism of Divine Love in the Second Hijri Century: A Study of the Thought of Rabi‘ah al-‘Adawiyah Azisyah, Anir Syam; Abbas, Nurlaelah; M, Mahmuddin
Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Vol 3, No 6 (2026): Januari
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18144322

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the concept of ma'rifatullah in the Sufi thought of Rabi'a al-Adawiyya and to situate it within the development of Sufism in the second century Hijri. Rabi'a is regarded as an important figure who introduced divine love as the foundation of the relationship between a servant and Allah, at a time when early Sufism was predominantly characterized by asceticism based on fear and hope. This research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach, using data sources such as works on Sufi thought, biographies of Rabi'a al-Adawiyya, and other relevant scholarly literature. Data analysis is conducted through a descriptive-analytical method by interpreting Rabi'a’s ideas within the socio-intellectual context of Basrah and the dynamics of early Sufism. The findings indicate that ma'rifatullah according to Rabi'a is grounded in mahabbah, namely pure, sincere, and unconditional divine love that transcends motives of fear of punishment and hope for reward. This concept marks an important shift in Sufism from an ascetic orientation toward a Sufism of love. In conclusion, the thought of Rabi'a al-Adawiyya made a significant contribution to the development of Sufism through the purification of spiritual orientation, the affirmation of divine love as the highest spiritual station, and the strengthening of the inner dimension in the experience of knowing Allah.
Divine Justice in the Perspectives of the Muʿtazilah, Ashʿariyyah, and Maturidiyyah Alqadri, Saripa Balqis; M, Mahmuddin; Abbas, Nurlaelah
Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Vol 3, No 6 (2026): Januari
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18059826

Abstract

The concept of divine justice is a central theme in Islamic theological discourse and is closely related to issues of divine will, human freedom, and moral responsibility. Differences in human conditions such as social inequality, suffering, and disasters have generated ongoing theological debates regarding the meaning and manifestation of God’s justice. This study aims to analyze and compare the concept of divine justice as articulated by three major Islamic theological schools, namely Muʿtazilah, Ashʿariyah, and Maturidiyah. This research employs a qualitative approach based on library research. The data are derived from primary sources consisting of classical Islamic theological works and secondary sources including scholarly books and academic journal articles relevant to the topic. Data analysis is conducted using a descriptive comparative method to examine similarities and differences among the theological perspectives based on their epistemological and doctrinal foundations. The findings reveal that Muʿtazilah understands divine justice through a rational framework that affirms full human freedom and asserts that God is obligated to act justly according to rational standards. In contrast, Ashʿariyah conceives divine justice as entirely grounded in God’s absolute will and power, which cannot be evaluated by human reason. Meanwhile, Maturidiyah adopts a moderate position by recognizing the capacity of reason to discern moral values while ultimately subordinating it to the authority of revelation. This study demonstrates that differing conceptions of divine justice reflect the diversity of Islamic theological approaches in addressing the relationship between divine sovereignty and human moral responsibility.