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Hadi, Azmil
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Differences in Esthetic Line (e-line) of class III skeletal malocclusion before and after orthognathic surgery treatment using ricketts cephalometric analysis: Study descriptive Hadi, Azmil; Mardiati, Endah; Evangelina, Ida Ayu; Laviana, Avi
Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students Vol 7, No 1 (2023): February 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjdrs.v7i1.35814

Abstract

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Class III skeletal malocclusion is a complex dentoskeletal disorder and is the most difficult malocclusion to treat, especially in patients who have completed their pubertal growth period. In severe cases, orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery are required. There are various methods to evaluate the results of orthognathic surgery, one of which is the Ricketts Esthetic Line (E-line) analysis that can be used to view soft tissue changes before and after orthognathic surgery. The aim of the study was to analyze changes in the soft tissue profile of the lips using Ricketts Esthetic line (E-line) analysis in class III skeletal malocclusion after orthognathic surgery for both one-jaw surgery and two-jaw surgery. Methods: This research is descriptive comparative analysis. The study samples were lateral cephalograms before and after orthognathic surgery with one or two jaw surgery techniques. The study subjects were 8 patients with skeletal class III malocclusion who underwent orthognathic surgery at the Oral Surgery Department of the Padjadjaran University Hospital in Bandung. Cephalometric analysis was tested by paired t-test to see differences in lip soft tissue before and after orthognathic surgery based on Ricketts E-line analysis. Results: There were significant differences in the results of analysis of the soft tissue of the upper and lower lips on the Esthetic line (E-Line) before and after orthognathic surgery. orthognathic was also significantly different p < 0.0204. The results of the comparison test between before after orthognathic surgery compared to standard normal Ricketts E-line analysis showed that the e-line at the distance of the upper lip was significantly different p<0.0072, while for the lower lip it was not significantly different p>0.2413. Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment with orthognathic surgery in class III skeletal malocclusion can significantly change the Ricketts E-line method, except that the distance of the lower lip to the Ricketts e-line norm is not significantly differentKEY WORDS: skeletal class III malocclusion, orthognatic surgery, Ricketts esthetic line (E-line) analysis.Perbedaan esthetic line (e-line) maloklusi skeletal kelas III sebelum dan setelah perawatan bedah ortognati menggunakan analisis sefalometri rickettsABSTRAKPendahuluan: Maloklusi skeletal kelas III merupakan kelainan dentoskeletal yang kompleks dan merupakan suatu maloklusi yang perawatannya paling sulit terutama pada pasien yang sudah selesai masa pertumbuhan pubertalnya, dimana pada kasus yang parah diperlukan perawatan ortodonti dan bedah ortognati. Terdapat berbagai metode untuk mengevaluasi hasil perawatan bedah ortognati, salah satunya adalah analisis Ricketts Esthetic Line (E-line) yang dapat digunakan untuk melihat perubahan jaringan lunak sebelum dan setelah perawatan bedah ortognati. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis perubahan profil jaringan lunak bibir  menggunakan analisis Ricketts Esthetic line (E-line) pada maloklusi skeletal kelas III setelah perawatan  bedah ortognati baik pada pembedahan satu rahang dan pembedahan dua rahang. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif analitis komparatif. Sampel penelitian berupa sefalogram lateral sebelum dan setelah perawatan bedah ortognati dengan teknik pembedahan satu ataupun dua rahang Subjek penelitian 8 pasien dengan maloklusi skeletal kelas III yang menjalani bedah ortognati di bagian Bedah Mulut RSGM UNPAD Bandung. Analisis sefalometri diuji dengan uji- t berpasangan untuk melihat perbedaan jaringan lunak bibir sebelum dan setelah bedah ortognati berdasarkan analisis E-line Ricketts. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan hasil analisis jaringan lunak bibir atas dan bawah terhadap Esthetic line (E-Line) sebelum dan setelah bedah ortognati jarak bibir atas sebelum dan setelah bedah ortognati berbeda secara bermakna p<0,0148, untuk jarak bibir bawah sebelum dan setelah edah ortognati juga berbeda secara bermakna p<0,0204. Hasil uji perbandingan antara sebelum  setelah bedah ortognati dibandingkan dengan standar normal analisis E-line Ricketts maka e-line pada  jarak bibir atas berbeda secara bermakna  p<0,0072, sedangkan untuk bibir bawah tidak  berbeda secara bermakna p>0,2413. Simpulan: Perawatan ortodonti dengan bedah ortognati pada maloklusi skeletal kelas III dapat mengubah E-line metode Ricketts secara signifikan, kecuali jarak bibir bawah terhadap norma e-line Ricketts yang tidak  berbeda secara bermaknaKATA KUNCI: maloklusi skeletal kelas III, bedah ortognati, analisis Ricketts Esthetic Line (E-line).
Antibacterial activity test of nipah leaf extract (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) in inhibiting the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 on the surface of hot-polymerized acrylic resin: Study experimental Ferdina, Resa; Azzahra, Nadya Alifia; Hadi, Azmil; Sari, Widya Puspita
Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students Vol 10, No 3 (2026): Oktober 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjdrs.v10i3.69567

Abstract

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Heat-polymerized acrylic resin is the most commonly used material for denture bases. Its porous and rough surface characteristics may facilitate the adhesion of microorganisms such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, thereby increasing the risk of denture stomatitis. Chemical denture cleansers such as sodium hypochlorite are effective disinfectants; however, they may damage the surface of acrylic resin. Therefore, a safer natural alternative is needed, such as nipah leaf extract (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.), which has antibacterial potential. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of nipah leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 on the surface of heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental study using a post-test only control group design. A total of 25 heat-polymerized acrylic resin specimens were prepared. The sample size was calculated using Federer's formula (t−1)(r−1)≥15, resulting in five replications for each group. The specimens were divided into groups treated with 10%, 15%, and 20% nipah leaf extract, along with positive and negative control groups. Bacterial growth was measured using the UV–Vis spectrophotometric method. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene's test, One-Way ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD post hoc test. Results: The results showed a significant difference in Lactobacillus acidophilus growth among the treatment groups (p<0.05). Nipah leaf (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) extract at a concentration of 20% showed the greatest inhibitory effect on bacterial growth compared with the other concentrations. Conclusion: Nipah leaf extract (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) showed antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 on the surface of heat-polymerized acrylic resin and may have potential as a natural alternative for denture cleaning.KEYWORDS: Antibacterial activity, nipah leaf (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) extract, Lactobacillus acidophilus, heat-polymerized acrylic resinUji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun nipah dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 pada permukaan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas: Studi eksperimentalABSTRAKPendahuluan: Resin akrilik polimerisasi panas merupakan bahan yang paling sering digunakan sebagai basis gigi tiruan. Sifat porositas dan kekasaran permukaannya dapat mempermudah perlekatan mikroorganisme, salah satunya Lactobacillus acidophilus, sehingga meningkatkan risiko terjadinya denture stomatitis. Pembersih gigi tiruan berbahan kimia seperti sodium hipoklorit efektif sebagai desinfektan, tetapi berpotensi merusak permukaan resin akrilik. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, diperlukan alternatif bahan pembersih alami yang lebih aman, salah satunya ekstrak daun nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak Nypa fruticans Wurmb. dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 pada permukaan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratoris dengan rancangan post-test only control group design. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 25 plat resin akrilik polimerisasi panas yang ditentukan berdasarkan rumus Federer (t-1)(r-1)≥15, sehingga diperoleh lima kali pengulangan pada masing-masing kelompok perlakuan. Sampel dibagi ke dalam kelompok ekstrak Nypa fruticans Wurmb. konsentrasi 10%, 15%, dan 20%, kelompok kontrol positif, serta kontrol negatif. Pertumbuhan bakteri diukur menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Shapiro-Wilk, uji Levene, uji One Way ANOVA, dan uji lanjut Tukey HSD. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna pada pertumbuhan Lactobacillus acidophilus antar kelompok perlakuan (p < 0,05). Ekstrak Nypa fruticans Wurmb. pada konsentrasi 20% menunjukkan daya hambat paling tinggi terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri dibandingkan konsentrasi lainnya. Simpulan: Ekstrak Nypa fruticans Wurmb memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 pada permukaan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas dan berpotensi digunakan sebagai alternatif bahan pembersih gigi tiruan alami.KATA KUNCI: aktivitas antibakteri, ekstrak Nypa fruticans Wurmb, Lactobacillus acidophilus, resin akrilik polimerisasi panas. 
Co-Authors Avi Laviana Azzahra, Nadya Alifia Endah Mardiati Ferdina, Resa Ida Ayu Evangelina Widya Puspita Sari