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All Journal Eureka Herba Indonesia Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Eduardo Michael Perez
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Burning Mouth Syndrome: Exploring the Role of Central Sensitization and Neuropathic Pain Mechanisms in Bandung, Indonesia Muhammad Ashraf; Syaifudin Syaifudin; Andhika Kurnianta Kusuma; Duru Carissa Neuer; Eduardo Michael Perez
Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjn.v2i2.170

Abstract

Introduction: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by a burning sensation in the oral cavity without any identifiable clinical or laboratory findings. While the etiology of BMS remains unclear, central sensitization and neuropathic pain mechanisms are increasingly recognized as potential contributors. This study aimed to investigate the role of central sensitization and neuropathic pain in BMS patients in Bandung, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 40 participants diagnosed with BMS according to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) criteria and 40 healthy controls. All participants underwent comprehensive assessments, including: (1) clinical oral examination, (2) quantitative sensory testing (QST) to assess thermal and mechanical sensitivity, (3) questionnaires to evaluate pain intensity, quality of life, anxiety, and depression, and (4) measurement of salivary cortisol levels as a marker of stress. Results: BMS patients exhibited significantly higher thermal and mechanical sensitivity compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). They also reported significantly higher pain intensity, poorer quality of life, and increased levels of anxiety and depression (p<0.001). Salivary cortisol levels were significantly elevated in the BMS group (p<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between pain intensity and QST parameters, anxiety, depression, and salivary cortisol levels. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that central sensitization and neuropathic pain mechanisms play a significant role in the pathophysiology of BMS in Bandung, Indonesia. These findings highlight the need for a multidisciplinary approach to BMS management, incorporating strategies to address both peripheral and central factors contributing to pain.
Development and Validation of the Indonesian Voice Handicap Index Adapted for Javanese and Sundanese Speakers (I-VHI-JS) Hasrita Soleiman; Andhika Kurnianta Kusuma; Eduardo Michael Perez
Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjorl.v2i2.186

Abstract

Introduction: Voice disorders significantly impact quality of life. The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) is a widely used patient-reported outcome measure, but its applicability is limited by linguistic and cultural factors. Indonesia, with its diverse languages, requires culturally adapted versions. This study aimed to develop and validate the Indonesian Voice Handicap Index adapted for Javanese and Sundanese speakers (I-VHI-JS). Methods: The original English VHI was translated into Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese using a rigorous forward-backward translation process. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving three groups: (1) individuals with voice disorders (n=150; Javanese speakers = 75, Sundanese speakers = 75), (2) age- and gender-matched vocally healthy controls (n=150; Javanese speakers = 75, Sundanese speakers = 75), and (3) a test-retest reliability group (n=50; Javanese speakers = 25, Sundanese speakers = 25) from the voice disorder group. Participants completed the appropriate I-VHI-JS version. Otolaryngological examination and acoustic voice analysis (jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonics ratio) were performed. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient - ICC), construct validity (known-groups comparison), concurrent validity (correlation with acoustic parameters), and discriminant validity (receiver operating characteristic - ROC curve analysis) were assessed. Results: The I-VHI-JS demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > 0.90 for all versions) and test-retest reliability (ICC > 0.85 for all versions). Significant differences in I-VHI-JS scores were found between the voice disorder and control groups (p < 0.001) for all language versions, confirming construct validity. Moderate correlations were observed between I-VHI-JS scores and some acoustic parameters (e.g., jitter, r = 0.45, p < 0.01; shimmer, r = 0.40, p < 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed excellent discriminant ability (area under the curve - AUC > 0.80 for all versions). Conclusion: The I-VHI-JS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing voice-related handicaps in Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese speakers. It can be used in clinical practice and research to evaluate the impact of voice disorders and monitor treatment outcomes.
Curcumin Reverses Cisplatin Resistance in NSCLC via Transcriptional Suppression of ABCB1 and Functional Inhibition of P-glycoprotein: A Mechanistic and Synergistic Analysis Khairiel Anwar; Eduardo Michael Perez; Febria Suryani; Franklin Shane
Eureka Herba Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Eureka Herba Indonesia
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/ehi.v6i1.131

Abstract

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. The efficacy of Cisplatin (DDP), a first-line chemotherapeutic, is frequently compromised by multidrug resistance (MDR), primarily driven by the overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1). Curcumin, a polyphenol with pleiotropic pharmacological effects, has shown potential as a chemosensitizer. This study aimed to rigorously quantify the synergistic interaction between Curcumin and Cisplatin and elucidate whether the reversal of resistance is mediated through functional blockade or genetic suppression of ABCB1. We utilized the human NSCLC cell line A549 and its stable, authenticated DDP-resistant counterpart (A549/DDP). Cytotoxicity was assessed using the CCK-8 assay with strict vehicle controls. Drug synergy was quantified using the Chou-Talalay Combination Index (CI) method. P-gp efflux function was evaluated by Rhodamine 123 (Rh123) accumulation, while apoptosis was analyzed via Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry. The expression levels of P-gp and ABCB1 mRNA were determined by Western blotting and RT-qPCR, adhering to MIQE guidelines. A549/DDP cells exhibited a robust resistance phenotype (Resistance Index: 13.4). Co-treatment with non-toxic concentrations of Curcumin (20 μM) significantly reduced the IC50 of Cisplatin from 56.42 μM to 6.85 μM (p < 0.001), yielding a Reversal Fold of 8.2. The Combination Index was 0.45, indicating strong synergism. Curcumin treatment blocked P-gp-mediated efflux and, critically, downregulated ABCB1 mRNA by 72% and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. This dual mechanism restored apoptotic sensitivity, increasing rates from 12.5% to 46.8%. In conclusion, curcumin effectively reverses Cisplatin resistance in NSCLC through a dual mechanism: immediate functional inhibition of the P-gp pump and delayed transcriptional repression of ABCB1. These findings support the development of Curcumin-based adjuvant therapies to overcome MDR.
Co-Authors Andhika Kurnianta Kusuma Duru Carissa Neuer Febria Suryani Franklin Shane Hasrita Soleiman Khairiel Anwar Muhammad Ashraf Syaifudin