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Pembuatan Edible Film dari Pati Eceng Gondok dan Kitosan Jamur Tiram (Pleuorotus Ostreatus) Wulandari, Retno; Kahar, Abdul; Heryadi, Eko; Huda, Hairul; Prihatiningtyas, Indah; Danijubal, Muhammad Vikar; Sinaga, Jovita; Stevani, Joyce
Jurnal Chemurgy Vol 8, No 2 (2024): Jurnal Chemurgy-Desember 2024
Publisher : Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/cmg.v8i2.17831

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan edible film berbasis pati eceng gondok dan kitosan yang diekstrak dari jamur tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus) dengan fokus pada karakterisasi sifat fisikokimia film yang dihasilkan. Kitosan diekstrak dari jamur tiram melalui proses deproteinasi, ekstraksi, dan pemutihan, kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektroskopi FTIR. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan keberadaan gugus fungsi karakteristik kitosan pada pita serapan 3400-3200 cm⁻¹ (-OH dan -NH₂) dan 2920-2870 cm⁻¹ (C-H), mengkonfirmasi keberhasilan ekstraksi. Edible film dibuat dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi gliserol (1%, 2%, dan 3%) sebagai plasticizer. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan ketebalan film berkisar 0,15-0,19 mm, dengan peningkatan ketebalan seiring pertambahan konsentrasi gliserol. Kadar air film meningkat dari 9,0% pada konsentrasi gliserol 1% menjadi 24,0% pada konsentrasi 3%, sementara ketahanan air menurun dari 70% menjadi 58%. Formulasi optimal diperoleh pada konsentrasi gliserol 2% dengan karakteristik ketebalan 0,16 mm, kadar air 12%, dan ketahanan air 69%, memenuhi standar industri untuk aplikasi kemasan makanan. Penelitian ini mendemonstrasikan potensi pemanfaatan pati eceng gondok dan kitosan jamur tiram dalam pengembangan material kemasan biodegradable, memberikan alternatif berkelanjutan untuk kemasan konvensional sekaligus memanfaatkan sumber daya lokal yang melimpah. Kata kunci: edible film, pati eceng gondok, kitosan jamur tiram, gliserol, kemasan biodegradable
Pengaruh ZnCl2 terhadap Penurunan Kadar Free Fatty Acid (FFA) serta Pengaruh Katalis NaOH dan CaO pada Hasil Biodiesel Melalui Proses Transesterifikasi Minyak Brondolan Sawit Indah Prihatiningtyas; Twinska Choirunissa; Evelin Putri Paonganan; Eko Heryadi; Retno Wulandari
Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia Vol 9, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/inteka.v9i4.9838

Abstract

Brondolan sawit merupakan buah sawit yang lepas dari tandan buah karena terlalu matang ataupun yang jatuh saat proses pemanenan tandan buah segar. Minyak brondolan sawit umumnya memiliki kandungan free fatty acid (FFA) yang tinggi. Pada penelitian ini, minyak brondolan sawit dikonversi menjadi biodisel dengan dua tahapan proses yaitu esterifikasi dengan gliserol berkatalis ZnCl2 dilanjutkan dengan transesterifikasi menggunakan katalis CaO. Pengaruh katalis ZnCl2 , NaOH dan CaO terhadap penurunan free fatty acid dan hasil biodiesel diinvestigasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses esterifikasi dengan gliserol berkatalis ZnCl2 menurunkan nilai free fatty acid. Pada variasi konsentrasi ZnCl2 sebanyak 0,15%, 0,20%, 0,25%, dan 0,35% menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi optimal ZnCl2 pada 0,35% dengan penurunan FFA sebesar 97% dari 37,40% ke 1,06%. Selanjutnya proses transesterifikasi dilakukan dengan katalis NaOH sebesar 1% dan CaO sebesar 35% pada variasi perbandingan jumlah minyak dan metanol sebesar 1:10 ; 1:15 ; 1:20 ; 1:30. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah perbandingan minyak dan metanol yang optimal untuk katalis NaOH adalah sebesar 1:30 karena menghasilkan jumlah biodiesel sebesar 2,35% dengan nilai FFA sebesar 2,17% Sedangkan dengan kalatali CaO, perbandingan minyak dan metanol yang optimal adalah sebesar 1:30 dengan hasil biodiesel sebesar 2,60% dan nilai FFA sebesar 3,08% Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa persen berat katalis sangat mempengaruhi dalam penurunan kandungan FFA yang terdapat pada minyak CPO, dan perbandingan antara minyak:metanol mempengaruhi hasil yield biodiesel yang akan didapatkan.
Microbial Bioremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil: A Sustainable Approach Nordin, Ahmad Rizal Roslan; Navarro, Ariela Rose; Reyes, Juan Carlos; Maragathavalli, S.; Kristanti, Risky Ayu; Wulandari, Retno; Bunrith, Seng
Tropical Aquatic and Soil Pollution Volume 5 - Issue 1 - 2025
Publisher : Tecno Scientifica Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53623/tasp.v5i1.683

Abstract

Petroleum-contaminated soil is a significant environmental concern caused by oil spills, leakage from storage tanks, industrial discharges, and improper disposal of petroleum products during extraction, refining, and transportation processes. Globally, approximately 6 million tonnes of petroleum are released into the environment each year, leading to soil contamination that poses toxic risks to groundwater, ecosystems, plant life, and human health. The primary aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness and potential of microbial bioremediation for treating petroleum-contaminated soils, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional methods. Traditional remediation approaches such as soil excavation, washing, chemical oxidation, and incineration are often expensive and environmentally disruptive. In contrast, bioremediation using microbes is cost-effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly. Several microbial strategies are discussed, including natural attenuation, bioaugmentation, and biostimulation. Natural attenuation relies on indigenous microbes, whereas bioaugmentation involves adding hydrocarbon-degrading microbes, and biostimulation enhances microbial activity by supplying nutrients. Among these, bioaugmentation and biostimulation are generally more effective than natural attenuation in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons. However, microbial bioremediation faces challenges such as long treatment durations, incomplete degradation with free microbes, and the need for site-specific optimal conditions. Future research should focus on enhancing microbial efficacy through genetic engineering or microbial consortia, developing faster, site-specific solutions, assessing long-term ecological impacts, and integrating bioremediation with other green technologies. Overall, microbial bioremediation presents a promising strategy for the sustainable management of petroleum-contaminated soils due to its low cost, minimal environmental impact, and adaptability. Key topics addressed include the environmental impact of petroleum pollution, conventional and biological remediation techniques, comparative effectiveness, and future development needs. The relevant keywords are: bioremediation, petroleum hydrocarbons, bioaugmentation, soil contamination, and microbial degradation.
Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Bungkil Inti Sawit Yang Difermentasi Menggunakan EM4 Sebagai Pakan Terhadap Rasio Konversi Pakan dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Gurami (Opshronemus gouramy) Zakariyah, Akhmad; Kusdianto, Heru; Nikhlani, Andi; Ma’ruf, Mohamad; Wulandari, Retno
Jurnal Akuakultur Sungai dan Danau Vol 10, No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Batangahari Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33087/akuakultur.v10i1.246

Abstract

A by-product of the palm oil business, palm kernel meal can be utilised as an alternate feed ingredient for cultured fish because of its really decent nutritional value. This research aimed to analyze the nutritional value of artificial feed with different EM4 concentrations in palm kernel cake fermentation and to analyze its effects on absolute weight growth, daily growth rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications each was applied in this research. The treatments applied were unfermented palm kernel cake flour (P1), palm kernel cake fermented with 4 ml/kg concentration (P2), and palm kernel cake fermented with 8 ml/kg concentration (P3). The results of feed nutritional assesment showed that protein content of P1 (26.96%); P2 (38.51%); and P3 (38.71%); fat content in feed, P1 (6.62%); P2 (6.48%); and P3 (6.63%); Absolute weight growth P1 (0.78 g); P2 (1.18 g); and P3 (1.54 g); Daily growth rate, P1 (0.71%); P2 (1.10%); and P3 (1.31%); Total length growth, P1 (0.66 cm); P2 (0.74 cm); and P3 (0.99 cm); and Feed conversion ratio, P1 (3.28); P2 (2.34); and P3 (1.73). The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level showed that different EM4 concentration treatments in palm kernel meal fermentation had a significant effect on growth, feed conversion ratio, and SGR (Specific Growth Rate) in Gourami Fish (Osphronemus gouramy).